研究生英语资料总结
- 词汇复习ppt
bestowed by material wealth 物质财富的馈赠
present, confer 赠送，赋予
revert to animal behaviour 回归动物行为
return - regress（回归，退化）- retrovert（逆转）
animate through our customs and language（通过我们的习俗和语言使我们充满活力）
animate(adj.有生命的；有活力的；有生气的 v.使具活力；)
vivify、 invigorate、 enliven v.使具活力
give full rein to their dreams 充分实现他们的梦想
freedom
hailed as the age of silicon 被誉为硅的时代
praise - acclaim n&v.称赞，赞扬
ushered in the silicon chip 引进了硅芯片
start/ bring in/introduce in
accelerated the collision of cultures 加速了文化的碰撞
clash/ conflict n&v.冲突，碰撞
puzzled by their obscurity 对他们的默默无闻感到困惑
unclearness/obscureness /ambiguity 模糊
cosmologists may be most popular 宇宙学家可能是最受欢迎的
crumble in the sun 在阳光下崩溃
crumble v.崩溃；崩裂；瓦解；成碎屑
collapse/ fall apart / come apart/ break down
Textiles are one of the earliest synthetic materials 纺织品是最早的合成材料之一
man-made/artificial/nonnatural 人工的，人造的，非自然的
solid textiles for artificial limbs called carbon fibre composites 用于假肢的固体纺织品称为碳纤维复合材料
blends/compounds n. 混合物
keys rattling and hinges creaking 钥匙嘎嘎作响，铰链吱吱作响
acoustic personalities of buildings/acoustic signature of the room 建筑物的声学特性/房间的声学特征
auditory/aural /audial 听觉的
the sport they anticipate is banished 他们期待的运动被放逐了
get rid of/ drive away 赶走，离开/exile/evict 驱逐，赶走
the comforting solid thump of sensible shoes is no longer proclaimed. 舒适、结实、合理的鞋子不再被宣扬。
thump n.捶击；重击声；碰撞声
announce/declare
manifest themselves v.表明；显现
show, demonstrate,display,reveal
stumbled upon to make bronze and steel 偶然发现制作青铜和钢铁
stumble v.绊倒；东倒西歪地走；
run upon, hit upon, blunder upon, tumble upon 偶遇，无意间，突然发现
eschewing material knowledge 回避物质知识
avoid, escape, shun, evade
climate change or urban sprawl 气候变化或城市扩张
‘expansion’
assuage our conscience 安抚我们的良心
relieve, alleviate, ease, soothe, mitigate
the illiterate society that education ministers fear 教育部长们害怕的文盲社会
uneducated,未受教育的
ignorant,愚昧的；无学识的
unschooled 文盲
a kaleidoscope of other new materials 其他新材料的万花筒
trove 收藏品/
assortment 各种各样/
treasure 财富；珍宝；
intriguing but seemingly unimportant 有趣但似乎不重要 fascinating 极有吸引力的；迷人的
we view them as adversaries 我们视他们为敌人 antagonist/opponent 对手
This antagonism is understandable 这种对立是可以理解的 hostility n.敌意；对抗；
trigger the tickling mist of a sneeze 引发喷嚏的痒痒的雾气
trip/ actuate/activate/touch off/set off 触动，引发
Epidemics of smallpox, cholera, tuberculosis, and plague have traumatised humanity, and the fear of these diseases has contaminated our entire culture 天花、霍乱、肺结核和鼠疫的流行对人类造成了创伤，对这些疾病的恐惧已经污染了我们整个文化
Epidemics -- pandemics n. 流行病
traumatise -- shock /upset v.使不安，使受精神创伤
contaminate -- corrupt/infect/poison/taint/pollute v.污染；弄脏；玷污
corrupt v.损坏；破坏；使腐化；使堕落
infect v.传染；影响；使感染
poison v.传染；影响；使感染；
we are largely oblivious to them 我们很大程度上对它们视而不见
inattentive 不注意的；不经心/
unmindful 不注意的；不留心的
our anthropocentric view is sometimes unjustified. 我们以人类为中心的观点有时是不合理的。
unwarranted / undue
This concept is known as the coincidental evolution hypothesis 这个概念被称为巧合进化假说
accidental/ casual/ chance 偶然的，意外的
The virulent forms, which descend deeper into the respiratory tract, are actually less contagious. 致命的形式，深入呼吸道，实际上传染性较低。
deadly/ venomous/poisonous
respiratory 呼吸的
risk capsizing their own ship 冒着自己的船倾覆的危险
capsize/ overturn / invert/ tip over 倾翻，翻转
resolve these paradoxes 解决这些悖论
contradiction/dichotomy 矛盾；反驳 / 二元论
oscillate from flood to drought 从洪水到干旱的振荡
swing /fluctuate/ vibrate/ hover
hover 盘旋，徘徊
shields a microbe from dehydration 防止微生物脱水
**scavenge **nutrients such as iron 清除营养物质，如铁
eat/feed on/prey on
feed on 以……为食
prey on v.捕食；掠夺
Rather than being disintegrated 而不是被分解
dissolved decomposed 分解
foil our immune system 破坏我们的免疫系统
hinder v.阻止；挫败/
prevent v.阻止；阻碍/
baffle v.抑制，难住/
frustrate v. 阻挠，挫败/
beat
What are the odds that an adaptation to one challenge would perfectly predispose an organism to another? 适应一种挑战会使一个生物体完全倾向于接受另一种挑战的几率有多大？
adaptation — adaption/ adjustment
predispose—prepare/prep v.准备；
Evolution, however, is all about small probabilities manifesting through long timescales and large numbers–and microbes have both. 然而，进化就是通过长时间尺度和大量数据表现出来的微小概率——微生物两者都有。
appear /occur /come out
Aside from those of us with access to microscopes, most people will never see microbes with their own eyes. 除了我们这些有显微镜的人，大多数人永远不会亲眼看到微生物。
The coincidental evolution hypothesis helps to resolve these paradoxes. 巧合进化假说有助于解决这些悖论。
settle / solve
It can quickly oscillate from flood to drought, from scalding heat to freezing cold, and total darkness to intense solar radiation. 它可以迅速地从洪水变为干旱，从滚烫的热量变为冰冷，从完全的黑暗变为强烈的太阳辐射。
extreme/fierce/furious/ferocious
The coincidental evolution hypothesis might be irksome to some. 巧合进化假说可能会让一些人感到厌烦。
speculation/guess/ conjecture n.猜测；猜想；推测
process data in a similar binary fashion
以类似的二进制方式处理数据
to store and manipulate data
存储和处理数据
the burgeoning field of computational neuroscience
新兴的计算神经科学领域
a far cry from being able to simulate consciousness
与能够模拟意识相去甚远
infinitesimally small
consciousness is an emergent phenomenon
意识是一种涌现现象
to haunt philosophy of mind
困扰心灵哲学
The general consensus is that creativity is the ability to invent new analogies
普遍的共识是，创造力是发明新的类比的能力
monopolize attention
独占关注
emotion is a tremendously subtle kind of code or tag
情感是一种极其微妙的代码或标签
think of emotions in discrete terms
用离散的方式来思考情感
remnants of snow
残雪
to describe this nuanced emotion
来描述这种微妙的情感
the resonance between body and mind produces an emotion
身心之间的共鸣产生一种情感
-
Although in both emotions sympathetic symptoms are present, different autonomic-somatic patterns underlie aggression and anxiety, respectively.
虽然在两种情绪中都存在交感神经症状，但不同的自主—躯体模式分别引起攻击和焦虑。 -
In addition, the results will closely simulate the process that occurs during real trading, in which traders frequently re-optimise their systems to bring them up-to-date with fundamental or technical changes in the trading market.
此外，结果将近似模拟在实际交易中发生的过程，在这个过程中，交易者经常重新优化他们的系统，使他们及时了解交易市场的根本或技术变化。 -
Unresolved issues often come back later to haunt us. Many of these challenges can be the result of early childhood experiences.
未解决的问题往往会在之后回来困扰我们。其中的许多问题都是幼儿期经历所致。 -
It's very unlikely that the burgeoning field of nano-biotechnology will be reserved solely for medical uses.
蓬勃发展的纳米生物技术领域不大可能仅用于医疗用途。 -
In the absence of existing human "herd" immunity to this virus, only immunisation provides a significant hope of suppressing the long-term impact of this newly emergent virus.
在对这种病毒缺乏“群体”免疫的情况下，现在的人类只有通过免疫接种才有希望抑制这种新出现的病毒的长期影响。 -
Thus, virtually all her time and energy is monopolized by the children.
因此，她几乎所有的时间和精力都被孩子们垄断了。 -
The action of municipal, county, or state school boards or boards of education is small, infinitesimally small in comparison with the number of districts.
市、县或州的学校董事会或教育委员会的行动与地区的行动相比微不足道。
verification of this fact
I started mulling over this vivid gap
我开始琢磨这个鲜明的差异
makes the cogent point
提出了令人信服的观点
a central paradigm that has been the centerpiece of the scientific method
一直是核心科学方法的核心范式
the capable students working under his tutelage
受他指导的能力很强的学生
divine grand operating principles for the cosmos
推测宇宙的伟大运作原理
calculating the curvature of space-time
计算时空曲率
‘simply’ validate things
只是验证了事实
validating cutting-edge theories
验证前沿理论
humdrum and boring
Similar themes proliferate throughout the popular view of physics.
类似的主题在流行的物理学观点中比比皆是。
tacitly appreciating the all-important role of experiment in physics
默认实验在物理学中的极其重要的作用
plucked it out of thin air
凭空想象出来的
after a period of breathless ascendancy by its proponents
在经历了一段‘令人窒息的’支持者的优势之后
in the pantheon of popular physics
在大众物理学的殿堂里
no dearth of stories to tell
不缺故事可讲
pick up the baton and run with it
拿起指挥棒，拿着它跑
the most elegant mathematical edifice
最优雅的数学大厦
-
Nor can I conjecture how far I strayed north or south from my course.
我也猜不出我的航向向北或向南偏离了多远。 -
The renowned theoretical physicist has for years been a(n) proponent of real-life, NASA-led interstellar travel.
这位著名的理论物理学家多年来一直是美国宇航局领导的真实星际旅行的支持者。 -
My children's teeth never had to have all this contraption on them.
我的孩子们的牙齿上从来不需要这些装置 -
I would address you frankly and admonish you to go no more into such places.
我要坦率地告诫你不要再到这种地方去了。 -
Even people who postulate a creative God usually acknowledge that his existence shifts the big question rather than resolving it.
即使是那些假定上帝具有创造性的人通常也承认他的存在转移了而不是解决了这个大问题。 -
This video of one of his last and most impressive stunts was released as a(n) tribute to his memory.
这段视频是他最后的也是最令人印象深刻的特技之一，为了纪念他而发布。 -
We came up with a(n) ingenious plan that would light a fire in the belly of the digital revolution.
我们想出了一个将引发核心的数字革命的巧妙的计划。 -
He often receives inquiries from sellers eager to verify that items are authentic.
他经常收到卖家的询问，他们急于验证商品的真实性。 -
Quality can be found in the most mundane works of man - even within the rusting gears of a motorcycle engine.
质量可以在人类最平凡的作品中找到 — 甚至存在摩托车发动机生锈的齿轮内。 -
There were three main groups competing for supremacy among them.
他们中间有三个主要集团在争夺霸权。 -
Despite the increase in recognition of autism spectrum disorders in Western countries, the real cause of the disease continues to confound and confuse scientists.
尽管西方国家对自闭症谱系障碍的认识有所增加，但这种疾病的真正原因仍然让科学家们感到困惑和不解。 -
Accordingly, it tends to face less criticism on the basis of veracity and more on its moral implications.
因此，在真实性上它可能会面对较少的批评，在道德含义上面临更多。 -
But to recognise that the soul of a man is unknowable is the ultimate achievement of wisdom
但是认识到一个人的灵魂是不可知的，是智慧的最终成就。 -
I anticipate no difficulty, though it requires some thought in manipulation.
我预计不会有什么困难，尽管在操作上需要一些思考。 -
Do you seriously think of becoming a(n)practitioner of medicine?
你真的想成为一名医师吗?
The emerging fields of embodied and enactive cognition
具身认知和行为认知的新兴领域
to consummate and sustain a coherent self-image
完善并维持一个清晰的自我形象
solitary confinement in prisons
监狱中的单独监禁
The punishment was originally designed to encourage introspection
这种惩罚最初是为了鼓励反省
I vivify my exterior.
我使我的外在生动起来。
they crystallised in conversation
在谈话中他们变得清晰了
that luminous moment
那个豁然开朗的时刻
a way of reconciling these two accounts of the self
一种调和两个自我的方式
the obligation to react is diluted across a bigger group of people
采取行动的义务在更大的群体中被稀释了
the so-called “bystander effect”
所谓的“旁观者效应”
Social psychology purports to examine the relationship between cognition and society
社会心理学声称在研究认知与社会之间的关系
inscribed in the brain
铭刻在大脑里
in the artificial confines of a lab
在人造的实验室界限里
a necessarily detached, coherent and contemplative whole
一个必然独立的、连贯的、沉思的整体
inherently fickle and erratic
天生善变和飘忽不定
discern the permanent structures
辨别永久结构
he went a long way towards defining its contours
他在定义它的轮廓方面起了重要作用
the notion of a fluctuating and ambiguous self can be disconcerting
一个波动不定、模棱两可的自我的概念可能会令人不安
entangled with the perspectives and voices of different people
与不同人的观点和声音搅和在一起
Relationships inform self-understanding
人际关系影响着自我认知
partly forged in the crucible of community
一部分是在社区的熔炉中锻造出来的
So the ‘self’/ ‘other’distinction that’s axiomatic in Western philosophy is much blurrier in Ubuntu thought.
因此，在西方哲学中公认的“自我”/“他者”的区别在乌班图思想中更加模糊。
in the artificial confines of a lab
在人造的实验室界限里
a necessarily detached, coherent and contemplative whole
一个必然独立的、连贯的、沉思的整体
inherently fickle and erratic
天生善变和飘忽不定
discern the permanent structures
辨别永久结构
he went a long way towards defining its contours
他在定义它的轮廓方面起了重要作用
the notion of a fluctuating and ambiguous self can be disconcerting
一个波动不定、模棱两可的自我的概念可能会令人不安
entangled with the perspectives and voices of different people
与不同人的观点和声音搅和在一起
Relationships inform self-understanding
人际关系影响着自我认知
partly forged in the crucible of community
一部分是在社区的熔炉中锻造出来的
So the ‘self’/ ‘other’distinction that’s axiomatic in Western philosophy is much blurrier in Ubuntu thought.
因此，在西方哲学中公认的“自我”/“他者”的区别在乌班图思想中更加模糊。
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Nowadays, there are hundreds of insurance policies that purport to provide cyber insurance coverage.
如今，有数百种保单声称提供网络保险。 -
Even modest price competition can easily wipe away a third or more of operating income if grocers use lower prices to win customers.
如果杂货商通过降低价格来赢得顾客，即使是适度的价格竞争也能轻易地抹去三分之一或更多的营业收入。 -
Oracle Mobile Cloud aims to provide a more contextual user experience, which enables chatbots to switch seamlessly between unstructured conversation and personalised, structured data exchange.
甲骨文移动云旨在提供更加情境化的用户体验，使聊天机器人能够在非结构化对话和个性化结构化数据交换之间无缝切换。 -
In a beautiful mid-19th century painting by Rosa Bonheur, it’s possible to see asymmetrical “mountains” in the contour of her sheep’s hindquarters.
在Rosa Bonheur 19世纪中期的一幅美丽的画作中，我们透过她的羊后腿的轮廓看到不对称的“山”。 -
He looked pleased: a(n) solitary man, by the look of him, one who cherished his privacy.
他看起来很高兴:一个孤独的人，从他的外表看，一个珍惜他的隐私的人。 -
Each step you take provides scaffolding which will enable you to build the essay a little further.
你采取的每一步都提供了支撑，使你能够进一步构建文章。 -
It is axiomatic that all the sites that are infected should be treated if there is to be any hope of cure.
不言而喻，如果有治愈的希望，所有被感染的部位都应该接受治疗。 -
The memoirs of these survivors are rarely inscribed in the chroniclers’ sentimental journeys.
这些幸存者的回忆录很少被记录在编年史作者的感伤之旅中。 -
But the blast was small beer in comparison with what followed.
A. expulsion B. exposition C. explosion D. expression -
The top 500m of the volcano was gone, blasted into pieces, and replaced by a 6km-wide maw from which steam spiralled skywards.
A. smithereens B. parts C. plates D. segments -
A dry, sulphurous, fog draped itself across the landscape of eastern North America, causing temperatures to plunge and bringing unprecedented summer cold.
A. scalding B. unexampled C. unprejudiced D. anxious -
The alleged cultural implications of this “volcano weather” for Europe are somewhat whimsical.
A. whistle B. reasonable C. empower D. odd -
Widespread harvest failure resulted in the most serious famine for more than a hundred years, doubling the price of grain and spawning bread riots and widespread civil unrest.
A. breeding B. parking C. sporting D. causing -
On top of this, harvest disruption in response to volcano weather might extend far beyond Europe, and might – in ensuing decades – be exacerbated by the consequence of rampant climate change.
A. inhaled B. boosted C. aggravated D. destroyed -
Some serious policy changes are needed if a future volcanic blast is not to bring about another subsistence crisis.
A. survival B. subsidiary C. insistence D. consistency -
Eruptions on such a scale seem to happen, on average, a few times every millennium and one estimate holds that there is a 1 in 10 chance of a comparable event in the next 50 years.
A. sinister B. similar C. correspond D. complex -
No volcano erupts without warning signs, caused by rising magma triggering earthquake swarms and inflating the ground surface.
A. bringing about B. sporting C. tripping over D. inviting -
Hazarding a guess about when and where the next Tambora will explode is far from an exact science.
A. Risking B. spoiling C. harming D. ensuing -
The Tambora eruption reinforces the unofficial volcanological axiom: The longer the wait, the bigger the bang.
strengthens，cements，enhances -
...melting reduces the weight acting on the volcanoes beneath, facilitating eruptions and even promoting the production of more magma.
promoting，boosting，helping -
Looking back at previous episodes of dramatic climate warming provides us with plenty of robust evidence for a vigorous volcanic response.
incidents, events，times -
On top of this, harvest disruption in response to volcano weather might extend far beyond Europe, and might – in ensuing decades – be exacerbated by the consequence of rampant climate change.
subsequent，following -
So, if a Tambora-scale scenario would be bad news, far worse could be lying in wait.
event -
Is it even something we could feasibly prepare for? practicably
-
The alleged cultural implications of this “volcano weather” for Europe are somewhat whimsical. effects, suggestions
-
But the consequences were not confined to this Indonesian backwater. restricted, blocked
-
the climactic phase of the eruption began with a colossal explosion huge, enormous
10.What happened next testifies to the enormous reach of the biggest volcanic blasts. proves, demonstrates
the biggest known eruption explosion, burst, outburst, detonation
that magma was still churning far beneath. boil、 moil、 roil
a titanic explosion hurled a cloud of ash to a height of more than 30km. cast
a state of brooding menace. moping
volcanologists are indebted for his accounts of the eruption. grateful
the detonation was so loud that it was mistaken across Java for cannon fire, causing consternation among the British troops explosion panic，dismay
ousted the Dutch and French forces just a few years earlier.
kick out、 expel
8. the climactic phase of the eruption began intensest
- pyroclastic flows scoured the flanks of the volcano of everything and everyone flush，purge
10.steam spiralled skywards corkscrew - clogged shipping routes block, choke, congest
12.enclosed the planet surround, envelop - causing temperatures to plunge plummet, dive
14.incessant rains ceaseless、 constant、 never-ending
15.flamboyant skies - the intense worldwide competition for food supplies fierce
- staple foodstuffs main, chief, basic
- rampant climate change unchecked, abandoned,uncontrolled
19.excavated the world’s largest volcanic crate dig up
20.the sulphur veil dissipates disperse
21.triggering earthquake swarms trip
22.dormant throughout history. inactive, sleeping
23.seemingly innocuous volcanoes harmless
