一篇文章学LINQ(原创)

本篇文章主要介绍linq的基本用法,采用sql和linq比较的方式由浅入深进行学习,

注意:此文章是根据真实表来进行案例说明,表结构如下:
 表1:    Student(学生表)                      表2: Book(图书借阅管理表)

    字段: Student_Id(学生ID)                             Book_Id(图书借阅ID)

               Student_Name(学生姓名)                      Book_Name(书名)

               Student_age(年龄)                                Book_StudentId(借阅者ID)

               Student_Sex(性别)                                Book_Date(借阅日期)

               Student_Phone(手机号可为Null)            Book_Amount(借阅本数)       

首先在MODEL层建立一个LINQ to SQL类,取名为:Assemble.dbml,将表1和表2拖入到文件中形成

表结构对象(实体)。

在使用的时候使用AssembleDataContext D = new AssembleDataContext ();

注意以后D变量不再强调声明。

 

一: 查询出所有的学生记录

    SQL: select * from Student

   LINQ: IQueryable<Student> StudentLq = from StudentE in D. Student select StudentE;

 

二:根据条件进行查询(查询出年龄大于18并且性别为男,有手机的学生)

    SQL: select * from Student where Student_age>=18 and Student_Sex=’男’ and Student_Phone is not null

   LINQ:(方法1,直接查询)

    IQueryable<Student> StudentLq = from StudentE in D. Student

                              where StudentE. Student_age >= 18 && StudentE. Student_Sex == ‘男’  

                                        && StudentE. Student_Phone.HasValue

                              select StudentE;

   LINQ:(方法2,执行二次查询,这里直接使用Lambda表达式)

    IQueryable<Student> StudentLq = from StudentE in D. Student select StudentE;

                StudentLq=StudentLq.Where(W => W.Student_age >= 18 &&

                                                 W. Student_Sex == ‘男’ && W. Student_Phone.HasValue);

     解析:SQL中的AND和OR分别对应LINQ中的&&和||

               SQL中的is not null 和 is null 分别对应: 字段名.HasValue 和 !字段名.HasValue

  如果只是根据ID或者某一条件查询出结果有且只有1条记录的话可以使用下面的LINQ语句

    Student StudentLq = D.Student.Single(W => W.Student_Id == 1);

   上面语句如果数据库中无记录或者有多条记录,会报错!

 

三:根据条件查询并排序(查询出年龄大于18,或者性别为女生的学生,并按年龄排序)

  SQL: select * from Student where Student_age>=18 or Student_Sex=’女’ order by Student_age desc

 LINQ:(方法1,直接查询)

     IQueryable<Student> StudentLq = from StudentE in D. Student

                       where StudentE. Student_age >= 18 || StudentE. Student_Sex == ‘女’

                       orderby StudentE. Student_age descending

                       select StudentE;

         解析:SQL中的ASC和DESC分别对应LINQ中的ascending 和 descending

                   如果先对年龄进行升序,在对学生ID进行降序,那么代码如下:

        orderby StudentE. Student_age ascending,orderby StudentE. Student_Id descending

 LINQ:(方法2,执行二次查询,这里直接使用Lambda表达式)

     IQueryable<Student> StudentLq = from StudentE in D. Student select StudentE;

      StudentLq=StudentLq.Where(W => W.Student_age >= 18 ||W. Student_Sex == ‘女’);

      StudentLq=StudentLq.OrderByDescending(W => W.Student_age);

         解析:先对某个字段进行升序使用OrderBy()方法,降序使用OrderByDescending()方法

       再对某个字段进行升序使用ThenBy()方法,降序使用ThenByDescending()方法

                   如果先对年龄进行升序,在对学生ID进行降序,那么代码如下:

   StudentLq=StudentLq.OrderBy(W => W.Student_age).ThenByDescending(W => W.Student_Id);

 

四:根据条件查询并计算值(查询出年龄小于18的学生个数)

 SQL: select count(*) from Student where Student_age < 18

  注意:count(*)统计总记录数 可以count(字段名) 统计某个字段的记录数

     avg():计算平均值 max():计算最大值 min():计算最小值 sum():求和计算

 LINQ:  int ageCount = (from StudentE in D. Student

                            where StudentE. Student_age < 18

                           select StudentE).Count();

    解释:上面的写法等同于下面方法:

           int ageCount =D. Student.Count(StudentE => StudentE.Student_age < 18)

  如果对某一个字段进行求个数的话,直接在取值的时候取出这个字段,然后求个数,如下:

      例如:求2013年至今一共借出多少本书

      SQL:select sum(Book_Amount) from Book where Book_Date > '2013-01-01'

      LINQ:int bookCount = (from BookE in D. Book

                            where BookE. Book_Date > DateTime.Parse('2013-01-01')

                           select BookE.Book_Amount).Sum();

  注:Count():求个数 Average():求平均 Min():求最小值 Max():求最大值,方法同Sum()的方法

 

五:IN操作(查询书名为"中国","母亲","散文"的记录)

 SQL: select * from Book where Book_Name in ('中国','母亲','散文')

 LINQ: string[] name = { "中国", "母亲", "散文"};

          IQueryable<Book> BookLq= from BookE in D.Book

                               where name.Contains(BookE.Book_Name)

                               select BookE;

 

六:LIKE操作(查询书名中包括"中国"两字的记录)

 SQL: select * from Book where Book_Name like  '%中国%'

 LINQ: IQueryable<Book> BookLq= from BookE in D.Book

                                          where BookE.Book_Name.Contains("中国")

                                          select BookE;

   解释:EndsWith("中国"):已中国这两个字符结尾的书名 StartsWith(中国"):已中国这两个字符开始的书名

           LIKE操作也可以使用一下方法:

           IQueryable<Book> BookLq= from BookE in D.Book

                                          where SqlMethods.Like(BookE.Book_Name, "%中国%")

                                                   select BookE;

 

七:查询并且筛选掉重复值(查询2013年至今哪些书被借出去过)

  SQL:select distinct Book_Name from Book where Book_Date > '2013-01-01'

      LINQ: IQueryable<String> bookString = (from BookE in D. Book

                            where BookE. Book_Date > DateTime.Parse('2013-01-01')

                           select BookE.Book_Name).Distinct();

 

八:分组查询(查询哪些客户分别借了多少本书)

  SQL:select Book_StudentId,sum(Book_Amount) from Book  group by Book_StudentId

      LINQ:IQueryable<Book> BookLq =from BookE in D.Book

                                                 group BookE by BookE.Book_StudentId into NesBook

                                                  orderby NesBook.Sum(W=> W.Book_Amount) descending //排序

                     select new {

                  BookStudentId =NesBook.Key,

                  BookAmount= NesBook.Sum(W=> W.Book_Amount)

                               };

    解释:这只是根据哪个客户来分组的,如果根据客户和书名2个字段来分组,可以使用下面的代码:

    IQueryable<Book> BookLq =from BookE in D.Book

                                                 group BookE by new {BookE.Book_StudentId,BookE.Book_Name}

               into NesBook

                                                  orderby NesBook.Sum(W=> W.Book_Amount) descending //排序

                     select new {

                  BookStudentId =NesBook.Key.Book_StudentId,

                  BookName =NesBook.Key.Book_Name,

                  BookAmount= NesBook.Sum(W=> W.Book_Amount)

                               };

 

   以下介绍内连接和外连接,这个时候我们先声明一个实体对象,方便我们实例的赋值!

 public class NEW_LIST
           {
        public string Student_Name_List { get; set; }//学生姓名
        public int Student_age_List { get; set; }//学生年龄
        public string Book_Name_List { get; set; }//书名
        public DateTime Book_Date_List { get; set; }//借阅日期
        public int Book_Amount_List { get; set; } //借阅数据的个数

               .......想要更多字段的可以在这里添加,我就不一 一写上了
    }

 

九 :内连接(jion和inner jion)

       jion和inner jion 用法一样 都是表中存在至少一个匹配时,返回行,

       也就是说当2个表中拥有相同关联记录的时候才返回行

       我们来看下面的例子:

   取出2013年至今哪些学生借阅过哪些书籍[图书表里面有某一个学生,学生表里面没有的将不被查出]

       SQL:SELECT Student.Student_Name, Student.Student_age, Book.Book_Name,

                Book.Book_Date,Book.Book_Amount FROM Book INNER JOIN Student

       ON Book.Book_StudentId=Student.Student_Id

                where Book.Book_Date > '2013-01-01' order by Student.Student_Name desc

     Linq:IQueryable<NEW_LIST> newLq =  from bookE in D.Book
                                   join StudentE in D.Student
                                         on bookE.Book_StudentId equals StudentE.Student_Id
                                                                  where bookE.Book_Date > '2013-01-01'
                                    orderby StudentE.Student_Name descending
                                  select new NEW_LIST
                                  {
                                     Student_Name_List = StudentE.Student_Name,
                                     Student_age_List = StudentE.Student_age,
                                     Book_Name_List = bookE.Book_Name,
                                     Book_Date_List = bookE.Book_Date,
                                     Book_Amount_List = bookE.Book_Amount
                                  };

十 :外连接(left jion和right jion)

       LEFT JOIN: 即使右表中没有匹配,也从左表返回所有的行

                       也就是说从左表1(主表)那里返回所有的行,即使在右表 (表2) 中没有匹配的行也照样查出记录

       RIGHT JOIN: 即使左表中没有匹配,也从右表返回所有的行

        也就是说从右表 (表2[主表]) 那里返回所有的行,即使在左表 (表1) 中没有匹配的行

       LEFT JOIN 和 RIGHT JOIN用法一样,主要是看把那个表作为主表查询出来

       我们来看下面的例子:

   取出2013年至今哪些书籍被学生借阅过[图书表里面有某一个学生,学生表里面没有的也将查询出图书记录]

       SQL:SELECT Student.Student_Name, Student.Student_age, Book.Book_Name,

                Book.Book_Date,Book.Book_Amount FROM Book LEFT JOIN Student

       ON Book.Book_StudentId=Student.Student_Id

                where Book.Book_Date > '2013-01-01' order by Student.Student_Name desc

     Linq:IQueryable<NEW_LIST> newLqfrom bookE in D.Book 

                                                                join StudentE in D.Student

                                                                on bookE.Book_StudentId equals StudentE.Student_Id

                                                                into newsBook

                   from NbooE in newsBook.DefaultIfEmpty()

                 select new NEW_LIST
                                 {
                             Student_Name_ListNbooE.Student_Name==null?"":NbooE.Student_Name,
                             Student_age_List = NbooE.Student_age==null?"":NbooE.Student_age,
                             Book_Name_List = bookE.Book_Name,
                             Book_Date_List = bookE.Book_Date,
                             Book_Amount_List = bookE.Book_Amount
                                };

 

十一:分页查询(查询2013年至今所借的图书信息,以及借阅者是谁,只查询出第1到第10条记录)

   SQL:   select * from (select row_number() over (order by Book_Date desc) as cid,
            (select Student_Name from Student where Student_Id=Book_StudentId) as newBook_StudentName,
            Book_Id,Book_Name,Book_Date,Book_Amount

            from Book where Book_Date > '2013-01-01' ) NewBook

            where NewBook.cid between 1 and 10 order by Book_Date desc

  LINQ:

      

      

 

 

后续持续更新。。。

posted @ 2014-04-01 13:35  高品  阅读(319)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报