GUI程序设计3

16. 树(JTree)使用示例

例16.1 创建JTree示例。

package GUI1;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;

import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionEvent;
import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionListener;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
import javax.swing.*;
public class demoJTree implements TreeSelectionListener {
    JFrame jf;
    JLabel jl;
    Container con;
    JTree jt;
    JScrollPane jsp;
    DefaultMutableTreeNode node,root;
    
    public demoJTree(){
        jf = new JFrame("JTree使用示例");
        jl = new JLabel();
        con = jf.getContentPane();
        root = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Option");
        node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A");
        root.add(node);
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a1"));
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a2"));
        node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("B");
        root.add(node);
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b1"));
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b2"));
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b3"));
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b4"));
        jt = new JTree(root);
        jt.addTreeSelectionListener(this);
        jsp = new JScrollPane(jt);
        con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        con.add(jl, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        jf.setSize(500, 400);
        jf.setLocation(300, 200);
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public void valueChanged(TreeSelectionEvent e) {
        jl.setText(e.getPath().toString());    
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new demoJTree();

    }
}

例16.2 在JTree中增加节点示例。

package GUI1;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionEvent;
import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionListener;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultTreeModel;
import javax.swing.*;

public class addNodeInJTree implements TreeSelectionListener,ActionListener {
    JFrame jf;
    JLabel jl;
    JPanel jp;
    Container con;
    JTree jt;
    JScrollPane jsp;    
    JTextField jtf;
    JButton jbtn;
    private DefaultMutableTreeNode node,root;
    private DefaultTreeModel dtm;
    
    public addNodeInJTree(){
        jf = new JFrame("JTree使用示例");
        jl = new JLabel();
        jp = new JPanel();
        jtf = new JTextField();
        jtf.setColumns(11);
        jbtn = new JButton("增加子节点");
        jbtn.addActionListener(this);
        con = jf.getContentPane();
        root = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Option");
        node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A");
        root.add(node);
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a1"));
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a2"));
        node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("B");
        root.add(node);
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b1"));
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b2"));
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b3"));
        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b4"));
        dtm = new DefaultTreeModel(root);
        jt = new JTree(dtm);
        jt.addTreeSelectionListener(this);
        jsp = new JScrollPane(jt);
        jp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        jp.add(jl);
        jp.add(jtf);
        jp.add(jbtn);
        con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        con.add(jp, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        jf.setSize(500, 400);
        jf.setLocation(300, 200);
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    DefaultMutableTreeNode rdmt;
    public void valueChanged(TreeSelectionEvent e) {
        jl.setText(e.getPath().toString());    
        rdmt = (DefaultMutableTreeNode)jt.getLastSelectedPathComponent();
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        DefaultMutableTreeNode dmt;
        if(e.getSource()==jbtn){
            dmt = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(jtf.getText());
            dtm.insertNodeInto(dmt,rdmt,0);
        }
        
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new addNodeInJTree();

    }

}

17. 菜单使用示例

一个完整的菜单通常由3部分构成:菜单条(JMemuBar)、下拉式菜单(JMemu)和菜单项(JMemuItem)。

例17.1 菜单使用示例。

package GUI1;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;

import javax.swing.*;
public class demoJMenu {
    JFrame jf;
    JScrollPane jsp;
    JTextArea jta;
    Container con;
    JMenuBar jmb;
    JMenu file,edit,format,check,help;
    //文件菜单项
    JMenuItem newItem,open,save,saveas,page,print,exit;
    //编辑菜单项
    JMenuItem undo,cut,copy,paste,find,replace,selectall;
    //格式菜单项
    JMenuItem font;
    JCheckBoxMenuItem wrap;
    //查看
    JMenuItem state;
    //帮助
    JMenuItem helpItem,about;
    
    public demoJMenu(){
        jf = new JFrame("JMenu使用示例");
        jta = new JTextArea();
        jsp = new JScrollPane(jta);
        con = jf.getContentPane();
        createMenu();
        jf.setJMenuBar(jmb);
        con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        jf.setSize(500, 400);
        jf.setLocation(300, 200);
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    private void createMenu() {
        jmb = new JMenuBar();
        file = new JMenu("文件");
        edit = new JMenu("编辑");
        format = new JMenu("格式");
        check = new JMenu("查看");
        help = new JMenu("帮助");
        //文件 newItem,open,save,saveas,page,print,exit
        newItem = new JMenuItem("新建");
        open = new JMenuItem("打开..");
        save = new JMenuItem("保存..");
        saveas = new JMenuItem("另存为..");
        page = new JMenuItem("页面设置..");
        print = new JMenuItem("打印..");
        exit = new JMenuItem("退出");
        file.add(newItem);
        file.add(open);
        file.add(save);
        file.add(saveas);
        file.add(page);
        file.add(print);
        file.add(edit);
        jmb.add(file);
        //编辑 undo,cut,copy,paste,find,replace,selectall;
        undo = new JMenuItem("撤销");
        cut = new JMenuItem("剪切");
        copy = new JMenuItem("复制");
        paste = new JMenuItem("粘贴");
        find = new JMenuItem("查找..");
        replace = new JMenuItem("替换..");
        selectall = new JMenuItem("全选");
        edit.add(undo);
        edit.addSeparator();
        edit.add(cut);
        edit.add(copy);
        edit.add(paste);
        edit.addSeparator();
        edit.add(find);
        edit.add(replace);
        edit.addSeparator();
        edit.add(selectall);
        jmb.add(edit);
        //格式JMenuItem font;JCheckBoxMenuItem wrap;
        wrap = new JCheckBoxMenuItem("自动换行");
        font = new JMenuItem("字体");
        format.add(wrap);
        format.add(font);
        jmb.add(format);
        //查看JMenuItem state;
        state = new JMenuItem("状态栏");
        check.add(state);
        jmb.add(check);
        //帮助JMenuItem helpItem,about;
        helpItem = new JMenuItem("帮助主题");
        about = new JMenuItem("关于..");
        help.add(helpItem);
        help.add(about);
        jmb.add(help);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new demoJMenu();
    }
}

文字菜单项中间的分隔线采用这样的方法:fileMenu.addSeparator()。

注:可以用数组简化。

最后,讨论一下JPopupMenu的使用。它的创建和JMenu的创建并没有什么不同。只是它不需要加到JMenuBar中,而是需要绑定到某个组件上(例如上例中的JTextArea),这可以使用组件的setComponentPopupMenu(JPopupMenu popup)方法,以后当用户在这个组件上右击时,该菜单将会自动弹出来,这就无需程序员计算菜单显示的位置。

18. 布局管理

18.1 流式布局(FlowLayout)

18.2 边框布局(BorderLayout)

18.3 网格布局(GridLayout)

18.4 卡片布局(CardLayout)

由于一次只能看到一张卡片,而且不能任意地切换卡片,所以CardLayout比较适合分类操作或者是有多个操作步骤、每个步骤有先后关系的情况。当第一步完成后,切换到第二张卡片,然后切换到第三张卡片......典型的例子是程序的安装向导。

注意:如果需要在多张卡片之间来回切换,一般会选择JTablePane,通过它的标签来选择卡片。

例. 模拟一般软件安装过程的卡片布局使用示例。

package GUI1;

import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.*;
public class demoCardLayout implements ActionListener {
    JFrame jf;
    JPanel jp1,jp2,jp3;
    JLabel jl1,jl2,jl3;
    JButton nextBtn1,prevBtn1,nextBtn2,prevBtn2,OKBtn;
    Container con;
    CardLayout cl;
    
    public demoCardLayout(){
        jf = new JFrame("CardLayout使用示例");
        cl = new CardLayout();
        con = jf.getContentPane();
        con.setLayout(cl);
        jl1 = new JLabel("这是第一步");
        nextBtn1 = new JButton("下一步");
        nextBtn1.addActionListener(this);
        jp1 = new JPanel();
        jp1.add(jl1);
        jp1.add(nextBtn1);
        con.add("first",jp1);
        
        jl2 = new JLabel("这是第二步");
        prevBtn1 = new JButton("上一步");
        prevBtn1.addActionListener(this);
        nextBtn2 = new JButton("下一步");
        nextBtn2.addActionListener(this);
        jp2 = new JPanel();
        jp2.add(jl2);
        jp2.add(prevBtn1);
        jp2.add(nextBtn2);
        con.add("second", jp2);
        
        jl3 = new JLabel("这是第三步");
        prevBtn2 = new JButton("上一步");
        prevBtn2.addActionListener(this);
        OKBtn = new JButton("完成");
        OKBtn.addActionListener(this);
        jp3 = new JPanel();
        jp3.add(jl3);
        jp3.add(prevBtn2);
        jp3.add(OKBtn);
        con.add("third", jp3);
        
        jf.setSize(500, 400);
        jf.setLocation(300, 200);
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        Object obj = e.getSource();
        if(obj==nextBtn1||obj==nextBtn2)
            cl.next(con);
        if(obj==prevBtn1||obj==prevBtn2)
            cl.previous(con);
        if(obj==OKBtn)
            jf.dispose();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new demoCardLayout();

    }
}

18.5 增强网格布局(GridBagLayout)

它的功能类似于GridLayout,但比后者的功能更强大,使用起来也要复杂得多。它能够制造出跨行和跨列的单元格。

例. 增强网格布局使用示例。

package GUI1;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;

import javax.swing.*;
public class demoGridBagLayout {
    JFrame jf;
    Container con;
    GridBagLayout gbl;
    
    private void makebutton(String name,GridBagLayout gbl,GridBagConstraints c){
        JButton btn = new JButton(name);
        //参数c决定了如何放置这个按钮
        gbl.setConstraints(btn, c);
        con.add(btn);
    }
    
    public demoGridBagLayout(){
        jf = new JFrame("增强网格布局使用示例");
        con = jf.getContentPane();
        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbl = new GridBagLayout();
        con.setLayout(gbl);
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
        //下面每个按钮占一行一列
        c.weightx = 1.0;
        makebutton("Button1",gbl,c);
        makebutton("Button2",gbl,c);
        makebutton("Button3",gbl,c);
        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //占据本行到结束
        makebutton("Button4",gbl,c);
        //开始布置第二行按钮
        c.weightx = 0.0; //重设为默认值
        //这里的gridwidth属性仍然是REMINDER,所以占据一整行
        makebutton("Button5",gbl,c);
        //开始布置第三行
        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE; //重起一行,占三格
        makebutton("Button6",gbl,c);
        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //占据本行到结束
        makebutton("Button7",gbl,c);
        //开始布置第四五行
        c.gridwidth = 1; //本单元格占两行一列
        c.gridheight = 2;
        c.weighty = 1;
        makebutton("Button8",gbl,c);
        //开始布置其它按钮,他们分别在两行中
        c.weighty = 0.0;
        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //占据到本行结束
        c.gridheight = 1; //只占一行
        makebutton("Button9",gbl,c);
        makebutton("Button10",gbl,c);
        //布局设置完毕
        jf.setSize(500, 400);
        jf.setLocation(300, 200);
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new demoGridBagLayout();

    }

}

 

posted @ 2015-01-28 20:24  ~风轻云淡~  阅读(438)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报