c#（WinForm）遍历局域网计算机（电脑）获取IP和计算机名称（转）

http://blog.bossma.cn/dotnet/csharp_winform_lan_get_ip_and_computername/

c#可以遍历局域网计算机，获取全部计算机的名称和IP地址，网上提供了相关的几种方法，并对效率进行了比较，但是没有对各种方法进行比较，以确定可以使用的情况。这篇文章将对这几种方法进行分析，以帮助了解各种方法适用的情况。

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Net;

using System.Net.NetworkInformation;

using System.IO;

using System.Collections;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.DirectoryServices;

using System.Management;

namespace SocketTransferFile

{

    /// <summary>

    ///

    /// </summary>

    public partial class Form1 : Form

    {

        //局域网计算机列表

        List<LocalMachine> machineList = new List<LocalMachine>();

        //Form构造函数

        public Form1()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

            InitData();

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 初始化数据

        /// </summary>

        private void InitData()

        {

            lvLocalMachine.Items.Clear();

            machineList.Clear();

            //获取当前域的计算机列表

            label4.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();

            GetAllLocalMachines();

            foreach (LocalMachine machine in machineList)

            {

                ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(new string[] { machine.Name, machine.IP });

                lvLocalMachine.Items.Add(item);

            }

            label5.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();

            //获取Active Directory中的计算机节点

            //label4.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();

            //EnumComputers();

            //label5.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();

            //获取指定IP范围内的计算机

            //label4.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();

            //EnumComputersByPing();

            //label5.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// Handles the Click event of the button1 control.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="sender">The source of the event.</param>

        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="System.EventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            InitData();

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 获取指定IP范围内的计算机

        /// </summary>

        private void EnumComputersByPing()

        {

            try

            {

                for (int i = 1; i <= 254; i++)

                {

                    Ping myPing;

                    myPing = new Ping();

                    myPing.PingCompleted += new PingCompletedEventHandler(_myPing_PingCompleted);

                    string pingIP = "192.168.1." + i.ToString();

                    myPing.SendAsync(pingIP, 1000, null);

                }

            }

            catch

            {

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// Handles the PingCompleted event of the _myPing control.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="sender">The source of the event.</param>

        /// <param name="e">The <see cref="System.Net.NetworkInformation.PingCompletedEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>

        private void _myPing_PingCompleted(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)

        {

            if (e.Reply.Status == IPStatus.Success)

            {

                LocalMachine localMachine = new LocalMachine();

                localMachine.IP = e.Reply.Address.ToString();

                //localMachine.Name = Dns.GetHostByAddress(IPAddress.Parse(e.Reply.Address.ToString())).HostName;

                localMachine.Name = Dns.Resolve(e.Reply.Address.ToString()).HostName;

                ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(new string[] { localMachine.Name, localMachine.IP });

                lvLocalMachine.Items.Add(item);

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 获取Active Directory中的计算机节点

        /// </summary>

        private void EnumComputers()

        {

            using (DirectoryEntry root = new DirectoryEntry("WinNT:"))

            {

                foreach (DirectoryEntry domain in root.Children)

                {

                    foreach (DirectoryEntry computer in domain.Children)

                    {

                        if (computer.Name == "Schema")

                        {

                            continue;

                        }

                        try

                        {

                            LocalMachine localMachine = new LocalMachine();

                            localMachine.IP = Dns.GetHostEntry(computer.Name).AddressList[0].ToString();

                            localMachine.Name = computer.Name;

                            ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(new string[] { localMachine.Name, localMachine.IP });

                            lvLocalMachine.Items.Add(item);

                        }

                        catch

                        {

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 获取当前域的计算机列表

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns></returns>

        private void GetAllLocalMachines()

        {

            Process p = new Process();

            p.StartInfo.FileName = "net";

            p.StartInfo.Arguments = "view";

            p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;

            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;

            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;

            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;

            p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;

            p.Start();

            p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");

            StreamReader reader = p.StandardOutput;

            for (string line = reader.ReadLine(); line != null; line = reader.ReadLine())

            {

                line = line.Trim();

                if (line.StartsWith(@"\\"))

                {

                    string name = line.Substring(2).Trim();

                    //如果有路由器，会列出路由器，但是获取不到IP地址，会报错

                    try

                    {

                        LocalMachine localMachine = new LocalMachine();

                        localMachine.IP = Dns.GetHostEntry(name).AddressList[0].ToString();

                        localMachine.Name = name;

                        machineList.Add(localMachine);

                    }

                    catch

                    {

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

这里使用了三种方法遍历局域网计算机。
1、获取当前域的计算机列表：GetAllLocalMachines
使用net命令，传递参数view，列出当前电脑所在域的所有计算机名称（完整的计算机名称）。
然后通过计算机名称获取IP地址。
适合局域网单一域的情况，测试了几次比DirectoryEntry的方式要快，不过没有进行大规模更广泛的测试。
可能无法获取工作组的服务器列表。

2、获取Active Directory中的计算机节点：EnumComputers
通过DirectoryEntry查找WinNT下的子节点，获取局域网中全部计算机的名称（完整的计算机名称）。
然后通过计算机名称获取IP地址。
可以获取局域网全部的计算机，不仅是某一个域的。速度比较慢。

3、获取指定IP范围内的计算机:EnumComputersByPing
适用c#自带的Ping，扫描当前计算机所在网段的IP地址，如果有回应，则证明计算机存在。
然后通过IP地址获取计算机名称（不一定是真正的计算机名称，可能是IIS的名称）。
需要指定IP段，不能获取真正的计算机名称。速度较快。如果需要过滤掉网关，还得自己写判断。

还有通过arp命令，和使用net命令类似，但是只能获取IP和mac地址，不能获取计算机名称。