selenium页面元素操作及常用方法总结
测试页面demo
页面代码
<html>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<body>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" border="1" width="1000">
<tr color="yellow">
<td>内容</td>
<td>页面元素</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>文本框</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="name" value="John">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>单选框</td>
<td>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" checked>Male
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" disabled>Female
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>复选框</td>
<td>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike">bike
<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car">car
<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car2">Apple
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>alert</td>
<td><input type="button" onclick="alert('alert')" value="alert" name="alert"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>prompt</td>
<td><input type="button" onclick="prompt('prompt')" value="prompt"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>confirm</td>
<td><input type="button" onclick="confirm('confirm')" value="confirm"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>文件上传</td>
<td><input type="file" name="attach"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>下拉选择select</td>
<td>
<select id="selector" style="width:100px;">
<option value ="苹果">苹果</option>
<option value ="华为">华为</option>
<option value="Dell">Dell</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>select Links</td>
<td>
<select name="selectMenu" style="width:100px;">
<option value ="http://www.baidu.com">百度</option>
<option value ="https://www.zhihu.com/signin?next=%2F">知乎</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>超链接</td>
<td>
<a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/gaogo/" >my blog 小新人~</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
一、selenium的8大定位方式
selenium的核心是定位WebElement
//1、通过ID定位
By.id("");
//2、通过name定位
By.name("");
//3、通过xpath定位
By.xpath("");
//4、通过className定位
By.className("");
//5、通过cssSelector定位
By.cssSelector("");
//6、通过链接文本定位
By.linkText("");
//7、通过链接文本模糊定位
By.partialLinkText("");
//8、通过tagName定位
By.tagName("");
文本输入框
通过定位得到webElement对象，操作输入框常用方法：
element.clear(); //清除文本框中原有内容
element.sendKeys("测试文本框输入"); //输入文本
单选框radio
radio页面元素的属性
同样，要操作元素，需要先通过定位得到webElement对象，操作radio常用方法：
element.isSelected(); //判断该值是否被选中
element.isEnabled(); //判断该值是否可选，是否有效，当radio对象设置了属性disabled，则webElement对象不可选，isEnabled（）返回false，否则true。
element.getAttribute("name"); //获取对象属性是name的值，<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" checked>Male，得到值是sex
element.getAttribute("value"); //获取对象属性是value的值，<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" checked>Male，得到的值是male
复选框checkBox
类似于radio
//checkBox List<WebElement> checkElements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']")); for (WebElement element:checkElements){ System.out.println("CheckBox对象是否被选中：" + element.isSelected()); System.out.println("checkBox对象是否可选择：" + element.isEnabled()); System.out.println("CheckBox对象的值：" + element.getAttribute("value")); element.click(); Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("CheckBox对象是否被选中：" + element.isSelected()); }
alert、prompt，confirm对话框
先要获取alert元素对象WebElement，webElement.click（）调出alert对话框
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //获取alert对象
alert.accept(); //确认，关闭对话框
alert.getText();获取alert的内容
alert.dismiss（）； //取消
alert.sendKeys("输入的内容"); //prompt对话框可以输入内容
文件上传
通常是input框，可以使用sendKeys("上传文件的地址")；
select下拉选择
WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id("selector"));
Select select = new Select(selectElement);
select.selectByIndex(0); //通过索引选择
Thread.sleep(1000);
select.selectByValue("华为"); //通过value值选择
Thread.sleep(1000);
select.selectByVisibleText("Dell"); //通过展示的文本选择
选择option的三种方法
- selectByIndex(int index) 通过index
- selectByVisibleText(String text) 通过匹配到的可见字符
- selectByValue(String value) 通过匹配到标签里的value
超链接
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/gaogo/" >my blog 小新人~</a>
链接的操作方式有很多种，我这里是执行了js
WebElement linkElement = driver.findElement(By.linkText("my blog 小新人~"));
JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
String js = "window.open('"+linkElement.getAttribute("href")+"')";
javascriptExecutor.executeScript(js);
String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //当前窗口
driver.switchTo().window(s); //跳转到指定窗口
测试代码
package com.uiAutoTest; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select; import org.testng.Assert; import org.testng.annotations.Test; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; /** * @author Jessie * @date 2020/9/25 20:26 */ public class study { WebDriver driver; @Test public void test() throws InterruptedException { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\driver\\chromedriver.exe"); driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("D:\\document\\demo.html"); //input输入框 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("name")); element.clear(); element.sendKeys("测试文本框输入"); //radio单选框 WebElement radioElement1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[3]/td[2]/input[1]")); WebElement radioElement2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[3]/td[2]/input[2]")); Assert.assertTrue(radioElement1.isSelected()); Assert.assertTrue(radioElement1.isEnabled()); Assert.assertFalse(radioElement2.isSelected()); Assert.assertFalse(radioElement2.isEnabled()); radioElement2.click(); System.out.println("radioElement1的name属性值" + radioElement1.getAttribute("name")); //checkBox多选框 List<WebElement> checkElements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']")); for (WebElement one:checkElements){ System.out.println("CheckBox对象是否被选中：" + one.isSelected()); System.out.println("checkBox对象是否可选择：" + one.isEnabled()); System.out.println("CheckBox对象的值：" + one.getAttribute("value")); one.click(); Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println("CheckBox对象是否被选中：" + one.isSelected()); } //alert对话框 WebElement alertElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[5]/td[2]/input")); alertElement.click(); Thread.sleep(1000); Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(alert.getText().contains("alert")); alert.accept(); Thread.sleep(2000); //prompt对话框 WebElement promptElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[6]/td[2]/input")); promptElement.click(); Thread.sleep(2000); Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(prompt.getText().contains("prompt")); prompt.sendKeys("测试prompt对话框"); Thread.sleep(2000); prompt.accept(); //confirm对话框 WebElement confirmElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[7]/td[2]/input")); confirmElement.click(); Thread.sleep(1000); Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(confirm.getText().contains("confirm")); confirm.dismiss(); Thread.sleep(2000); //文件上传 WebElement fileElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td/input[@type='file']")); fileElement.sendKeys("D:\\document\\demo.html"); Assert.assertTrue(fileElement.getAttribute("value").contains("demo.html")); //select下拉选择 WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id("selector")); Select select = new Select(selectElement); select.selectByIndex(0); //通过索引选择 Thread.sleep(1000); select.selectByValue("华为"); //通过value值选择 Thread.sleep(1000); select.selectByVisibleText("Dell"); //通过展示的文本选择 List<WebElement> list = select.getAllSelectedOptions(); for (WebElement e:list){ System.out.println(e.getAttribute("value")); } //超链接 String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //当前窗口 System.out.println(currentWindow); WebElement linkElement = driver.findElement(By.linkText("my blog 小新人~")); JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; String href = linkElement.getAttribute("href"); String js = "window.open('"+linkElement.getAttribute("href")+"')"; javascriptExecutor.executeScript(js); Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles(); //获取所有窗口 for (String s :windowHandles){ WebDriver window = driver.switchTo().window(s); if (window.getCurrentUrl().equals(href)){ System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl()); break; } } driver.switchTo().window(currentWindow); System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl()); } }
