Agile 是什么?

也许你已经习惯了 “Agile” 这个词汇不断地在你耳边狂轰滥炸,诸如敏捷团队、敏捷UX、敏捷建模、敏捷需求管理、敏捷架构等等。而且,人们还在不断的将 “Agile” 和更多的词汇进行组合,比如,也曾有人开始质疑是否存在 “Can Project Management be Agile?” 这回事。

同时,伴随着各种敏捷软件开发技术的涌现,将各种概念和方法进行对比也成为了时常出现的行为。例如:XP 和 CMMI,XP 和 Scrum,Scrum 和 CMMI,Scrum 和 Lean,Scrum 和 Kanban 等等。

那么,理清这些概念的基础就是需要理解,Agile 是什么?

先看字面义,在韦氏词典上查了 “Agile” 的释义:

ag·ile
  adjective \ˈa-jəl, -ˌjī(-ə)l\
  : able to move quickly and easily
  : quick, smart, and clever

从释义来看,“Agile” 可以应用于各种广泛的领域,表示有能力通过适当的技能和控制来快速灵活的前进。

具体到软件开发领域,“Agile” 是什么?

“Agile” 指的就是敏捷软件开发宣言(Manifesto for Agile Software Development),“Be Agile” 指的就是要满足敏捷宣言的定义和所遵循的原则。

敏捷软件开发宣言(Agile Manifesto)

我们一直在实践中探寻更好的软件开发方法,身体力行的同时也帮助他人。由此我们建立了如下价值观:

  • 个体和互动 高于 流程和工具
  • 工作的软件 高于 详尽的文档
  • 客户合作 高于 合同谈判
  • 响应变化 高于 遵循计划

也就是说,尽管右项有其价值,我们更重视左项的价值。

敏捷宣言遵循的 12 条原则

  1. 我们最重要的目标,是通过持续不断地及早交付有价值的软件使客户满意。
  2. 欣然面对需求变化,即使在开发后期也一样。为了客户的竞争优势,敏捷过程掌控变化。
  3. 经常地交付可工作的软件,相隔几星期或一两个月,倾向于采取较短的周期。
  4. 业务人员和开发人员必须相互合作,项目中的每一天都不例外。
  5. 激发个体的斗志,以他们为核心搭建项目。提供所需的环境和支援,辅以信任,从而达成目标。
  6. 不论团队内外,传递信息效果最好效率也最高的方式是面对面的交谈。
  7. 可工作的软件是进度的首要度量标准。
  8. 敏捷过程倡导可持续开发。责任人、开发人员和用户要能够共同维持其步调稳定延续。
  9. 坚持不懈地追求技术卓越和良好设计,敏捷能力由此增强。
  10. 以简洁为本,它是极力减少不必要工作量的艺术。
  11. 最好的架构、需求和设计出自自组织团队。
  12. 团队定期地反思如何能提高成效,并依此调整自身的举止表现。

Manifesto for Agile Software Development

We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it.
Through this work we have come to value:

  • Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
  • Working software over comprehensive documentation
  • Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
  • Responding to change over following a plan

That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more.

Principles behind the Agile Manifesto

  1. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software.
  2. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage.
  3. Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale.
  4. Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project.
  5. Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support they need, and trust them to get the job done.
  6. The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation.
  7. Working software is the primary measure of progress.
  8. Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.
  9. Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.
  10. Simplicity--the art of maximizing the amount of work not done--is essential.
  11. The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams.
  12. At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly.

参考资料

posted @ 2013-12-21 13:11  sangmado  阅读(5727)  评论(4编辑  收藏  举报