vuejs项目性能优化总结
在使用elementUI构建公司管理系统时，发现首屏加载时间长，加载的网络资源比较多，对系统的体验性会差一点，而且用webpack打包的vuejs的vendor包会比较大。所以通过搜集网上所有对于vuejs项目的性能优化，做了有关3方面的优化建议，主要包括：上线代码包打包、源码编写优化、用户体验优化。(下面的优化建议只在vue-cli脚手架下做过测试，详情请参考)
1.代码包优化
- 屏蔽sourceMap
- 待下项目开发完成。进行打包源码上线环节，需要对项目开发环节的开发提示信息以及错误信息进行屏蔽，一方面可以减少上线代码包的大小；另一方面提高系统的安全性。在vuejs项目的config目录下有三个文件dev.env.js(开发环境配置文件)、prod.env.js(上线配置文件)、index.js(通用配置文件)。vue-cli脚手架在上线配置文件会自动设置允许sourceMap打包，所以在上线前可以屏蔽sourceMap。如下所示，index.js的配置如下,通用配置文件分别对开发环境和上线环境做了打包配置分类，在build对象中的配置信息中，productionSourceMap修改成false:
'use strict'
// Template version: 1.3.1
// see http://vuejs-templates.github.io/webpack for documentation.
const path = require('path')
module.exports = {
dev: {
// Paths
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
assetsPublicPath: '/',
proxyTable: {},
// Various Dev Server settings
host: 'localhost', // can be overwritten by process.env.HOST
port: 8080, // can be overwritten by process.env.PORT, if port is in use, a free one will be determined
autoOpenBrowser: false,
errorOverlay: true,
notifyOnErrors: true,
poll: false, // https://webpack.js.org/configuration/dev-server/#devserver-watchoptions-
/**
* Source Maps
*/
// https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#development
devtool: 'cheap-module-eval-source-map',
// If you have problems debugging vue-files in devtools,
// set this to false - it *may* help
// https://vue-loader.vuejs.org/en/options.html#cachebusting
cacheBusting: true,
cssSourceMap: true
},
build: {
// Template for index.html
index: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/ndindex.html'),
// Paths
assetsRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
assetsPublicPath: './',
/**
* Source Maps
*/
productionSourceMap: false,
// https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#production
devtool: '#source-map',
// Gzip off by default as many popular static hosts such as
// Surge or Netlify already gzip all static assets for you.
// Before setting to `true`, make sure to:
// npm install --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin
productionGzip: true,
productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css','svg'],
// Run the build command with an extra argument to
// View the bundle analyzer report after build finishes:
// `npm run build --report`
// Set to `true` or `false` to always turn it on or off
bundleAnalyzerReport: process.env.npm_config_report
}
}
- 对项目代码中的JS/CSS/SVG(*.ico)文件进行gzip压缩
- 在vue-cli脚手架的配置信息中，有对代码进行压缩的配置项，例如index.js的通用配置，productionGzip设置为true，但是首先需要对compress-webpack-plugin支持，所以需要通过 npm install --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin(如果npm install出错了，就使用cnpm install安装。可能网络比较差npm install会出现频率比较大)，gzip会对js、css文件进行压缩处理；对于图片进行压缩问题，对于png，jpg，jpeg没有压缩效果，对于svg，ico文件以及bmp文件压缩效果达到50%，在productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css','svg']设置需要进行压缩的什么格式的文件。对项目文件进行压缩之后，需要浏览器客户端支持gzip以及后端支持gzip。下面可以查看成功支持gzip状态：
'use strict'
// Template version: 1.3.1
// see http://vuejs-templates.github.io/webpack for documentation.
const path = require('path')
module.exports = {
build: {
// Template for index.html
index: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/ndindex.html'),
// Paths
assetsRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
assetsPublicPath: './',
/**
* Source Maps
*/
productionSourceMap: false,
// https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/#production
devtool: '#source-map',
// Gzip off by default as many popular static hosts such as
// Surge or Netlify already gzip all static assets for you.
// Before setting to `true`, make sure to:
// npm install --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin
productionGzip: true,
productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css','svg'],
// Run the build command with an extra argument to
// View the bundle analyzer report after build finishes:
// `npm run build --report`
// Set to `true` or `false` to always turn it on or off
bundleAnalyzerReport: process.env.npm_config_report
}
}
-
ResponseHeader- content-encoding:"gzip" - 对路由组件进行懒加载
- 在路由配置文件里，这里是router.js里面引用组件。如果使用同步的方式加载组件，在首屏加载时会对网络资源加载加载比较多，资源比较大，加载速度比较慢。所以设置路由懒加载，按需加载会加速首屏渲染。在没有对路由进行懒加载时，在Chrome里devtool查阅可以看到首屏网络资源加载情况（6requests 3.8MB transfferred Finish:4.67s DOMContentLoaded 2.61s Load 2.70s）。在对路由进行懒加载之后（7requests 800kb transffered Finish2.67s DOMContentLoaded 1.72s Load 800ms）,可以看见加载速度明显加快。但是进行懒加载之后，实现按需加载，那么项目打包不会把所有js打包进app.[hash].js里面，优点是可以减少app.[hash].js体积，缺点就是会把其它js分开打包，造成多个js文件，会有多次https请求。如果项目比较大，需要注意懒加载的效果。
// 实现懒加载方式 import Vue from "vue"; import Router from "vue-router"; Vue.use(Router); export default new Router({ mode: "history", base: "/facex/district/", routes: [ { path: "/", redirect: "index" }, { path: "/", name: "home", component: resolve=>require(["@/views/home"],resolve), children: [ { // 员工查询 path: "/employees", component: resolve=>require(["@/components/employees"],resolve) }, { // 首页 path: "/index", component: resolve=>require(["@/views/index"],resolve) }, { // 访客查询 path: "/visitorlist", component: resolve=>require(["@/components/visitorlist"],resolve) }, { path: "/department", component: resolve=>require(["@/views/department"],resolve) }, //识别查询 { path: "/discriminate", component: resolve=>require(["@/components/discriminate"],resolve) }, { path: "/addDevice", component: resolve=>require(["@/views/addDevice"],resolve) }, { path: "/districtNotice", component: resolve=>require(["@/components/districtNotice"],resolve) } ] }, { path: "/noticeList", name: "noticeList", component: resolve=>require(["@/views/noticeList"],resolve) }, { path: "/login", name: "login", component: resolve=>require(["@/views/login"],resolve) }, { path: "/register", name: "register", component: resolve=>require(["@/views/register"],resolve) }