Mysql主从复制

1、简介
  MySQL支持单双向、链式级联、异步复制。在复制过程中,一个服务器充当主服务器(Master),而一个或多个其它服务器充当从服务器(Slave)。
如果设置了链式级联复制,那么,从(slave)服务器本身除了充当从服务器外,也会同时充当其下面的从服务器的主服务器。链式级联复制类似A->B->C->D的复制形式。

生产环境建议:
更新操作在主库,从库的用户仅授权select读权限,或在my.cnf配置文件中加read-only参数来确保从库只读,当然二者同时操作效果更佳。

2、原理

  MySQL的主从复制是一个异步复制过程。
  在Master与Slave之间实现整个主从复制过程有三个线程参与完成。其中两个线程(SQL线程和IO线程)在Slave端,另一个线程(IO线程)在Master端。

  实现主从复制前提:必须打开Master端的binlog(MySQL-bin.XXXXX)功能
  整个复制过程实际上就是Slave从Master端获取binlog日志,然后再在Slave自身上以相同顺序执行binlog日志中所记录的各种操作。

3、环境准备

  Centos7

  主:10.10.129.182

  从:10.10.129.183

4、修改配置

  主环境修改/etc/my.cnf:

  1)设置server-id值并开启binlog参数

[mysqld]
log_bin = mysql-bin
server_id = 2
#不同步的数据库,可设置多个
binlog-ignore-db=information_schmea
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#需要同步的数据库, 默认所有
# binlog-do-db=test

  2)赋予root用户权限

grant replication slave on *.* to 'root'@'10.10.129.183' identified by 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 

  3)重启mysql,并查看主信息

mysql -uroot -p'password'

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000007 | 1038976 | | information_schema,performance_schema,mysql |
+------------------+----------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+

  主环境修改/etc/my.cnf:

  1)设置server-id值并开启binlog参数

[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=3
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=mysql#与主库配置一直
# replicate-do-db=test

  2)重启mysql,并进行相关设置

mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 507
Server version: 10.2.9-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;Ctrl-C -- exit!
Aborted
[root@mgt129183 nginx]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 508
Server version: 10.2.9-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.10.129.182',master_user='root',master_password='password',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007'(与主节点对应), master_log_pos=1038976(与主节点对应);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 10.10.129.182
                  Master_User: root
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 6329460
               Relay_Log_File: mgt129183-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 1487
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 

5、测试

主库创建一个数据库:
# mysql -uroot -p -e 'create database test_m_s;'
从库检查:
# mysql -uroot -p -e 'show databases;' |grep "test_m_s"
Enter password: 
test_m_s

 

posted @ 2018-09-11 17:34  感哥  阅读(159)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报