Mysql主从复制
1、简介
MySQL支持单双向、链式级联、异步复制。在复制过程中,一个服务器充当主服务器(Master),而一个或多个其它服务器充当从服务器(Slave)。
如果设置了链式级联复制,那么,从(slave)服务器本身除了充当从服务器外,也会同时充当其下面的从服务器的主服务器。链式级联复制类似A->B->C->D的复制形式。
生产环境建议:
更新操作在主库,从库的用户仅授权select读权限,或在my.cnf配置文件中加read-only参数来确保从库只读,当然二者同时操作效果更佳。
2、原理
MySQL的主从复制是一个异步复制过程。
在Master与Slave之间实现整个主从复制过程有三个线程参与完成。其中两个线程(SQL线程和IO线程)在Slave端,另一个线程(IO线程)在Master端。
实现主从复制前提:必须打开Master端的binlog(MySQL-bin.XXXXX)功能
整个复制过程实际上就是Slave从Master端获取binlog日志,然后再在Slave自身上以相同顺序执行binlog日志中所记录的各种操作。
3、环境准备
Centos7
主:10.10.129.182
从:10.10.129.183
4、修改配置
主环境修改/etc/my.cnf:
1)设置server-id值并开启binlog参数
[mysqld] log_bin = mysql-bin server_id = 2
#不同步的数据库,可设置多个
binlog-ignore-db=information_schmea
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#需要同步的数据库, 默认所有
# binlog-do-db=test
2)赋予root用户权限
grant replication slave on *.* to 'root'@'10.10.129.183' identified by 'password'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
3)重启mysql,并查看主信息
mysql -uroot -p'password'
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000007 | 1038976 | | information_schema,performance_schema,mysql |
+------------------+----------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+
主环境修改/etc/my.cnf:
1)设置server-id值并开启binlog参数
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=3 binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-ignore-db=mysql#与主库配置一直 # replicate-do-db=test
2)重启mysql,并进行相关设置
mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 507 Server version: 10.2.9-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;Ctrl-C -- exit! Aborted [root@mgt129183 nginx]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 508 Server version: 10.2.9-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.10.129.182',master_user='root',master_password='password',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007'(与主节点对应), master_log_pos=1038976(与主节点对应); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.10.129.182 Master_User: root Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 6329460 Relay_Log_File: mgt129183-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 1487 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB:
5、测试
主库创建一个数据库: # mysql -uroot -p -e 'create database test_m_s;' 从库检查: # mysql -uroot -p -e 'show databases;' |grep "test_m_s" Enter password: test_m_s