【LeetCode】136. Single Number (4 solutions)

Single Number

Given an array of integers, every element appears twice except for one. Find that single one.

Note:
Your algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory?

 

解法一:用map记录每个元素的次数,返回次数为1的元素

class Solution {
public:
    map<int,int> m;
    int singleNumber(vector<int>& nums) {
        for(int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i ++)
        {
            if(m.find(nums[i]) == m.end())
                m[nums[i]] = 1;
            else
                m[nums[i]] = 2;
        }

        for(map<int,int>::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); it ++)
        {
            if(it->second == 1)
                return it->first;
        }
    }
};

 

解法二:利用异或操作的结合律。

同一数字x异或自己结果为0.x^x=0

任何数字x异或0结果为x.x^0=x

class Solution {
public:
    int singleNumber(vector<int>& nums) {
        if(nums.empty())
            return 0;
        int ret = nums[0];
        for(int i = 1; i < nums.size(); i ++)
            ret ^= nums[i];
        return ret;
    }
};

 

解法三:先排序,再遍历找出孤异元素

class Solution {
public:
    int singleNumber(vector<int>& nums) {
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        //A has at least 3 elements
        if(nums[0] != nums[1])
            return nums[0];
        int n = nums.size();
        if(nums[n-1] != nums[n-2])
            return nums[n-1];
        for(int i = 1; i < n-1; i ++)
        {
            if(nums[i] != nums[i-1] && nums[i] != nums[i+1])
                return nums[i];
        }
    }
};

 

解法四:

位操作。不管非孤异元素重复多少次,这是通用做法。

对于右数第i位,如果孤异元素该位为0,则该位为1的元素总数为2的整数倍。

如果孤异元素该位为1,则该位为1的元素总数不为2的整数倍(也就是余1)。

换句话说,如果第i位为1的元素总数不为2的整数倍,则孤异数的第i位为1,否则为0.

(如果非孤异元素重复n次,则判断是否为n的整数倍)

class Solution {
public:
    int singleNumber(vector<int>& nums) {
        int count;
        int result = 0;
        int ind = 1;    //mask position
        int n = nums.size();
        while(ind)
        {
            count = 0;
            for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++)
            {
                if(nums[i] & ind)
                    count ++;
            }
            if(count % 2)
                result |= ind;
            ind <<= 1;
        }
        return result;
    }
};

posted @ 2014-06-07 12:30  陆草纯  阅读(371)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报