ELK-日志系统搭建过程

 

 

 

ELK是ElasticSerach、Logstash、Kibana三款产品名称的首字母集合，用于日志的搜集和搜索，今天我们一起搭建和体验基于ELK的日志服务；

环境规划

本次实战需要两台电脑（或者vmware下的两个虚拟机），操作系统都是CentOS7，它们的身份、配置、地址等信息如下：

hostname

IP地址

身份

配置

elk-server

192.168.119.132

ELK服务端,接收日志，提供日志搜索服务

双核，4G内存

nginx-server

192.168.119.133

Nginx服务端，产生的访问日志通过上报到Logstash

双核，2G内存

部署情况简介

运行时的部署情况如下图所示：

业务请求到达nginx-server机器上的Nginx； Nginx响应请求，并在access.log文件中增加访问记录； FileBeat搜集新增的日志，通过LogStash的5044端口上传日志； LogStash将日志信息通过本机的9200端口传入到ElasticSerach； 搜索日志的用户通过浏览器访问Kibana，服务器端口是5601； Kibana通过9200端口访问ElasticSerach；

安装JDK

首先请在elk-server机器上JDK8；

在ELK官方文档中(https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/hadoop/6.2/requirements.html)，推荐的JDK版本为8，如下图所示：

在CentOS7安装JDK8的步骤请参考《CentOS7安装JDK8》；

创建用户

ElasticSerach要求以非root身份启动，所以我们要创建一个用户：

1. 创建用户组：groupadd elasticsearch；

2. 创建用户加入用户组：useradd elasticsearch -g elasticsearch；

3. 设置ElasticSerach文件夹为用户elasticsearch所有：chown -R elasticsearch.elasticsearch /usr/local/work/elasticsearch-6.2.3；

系统设置

设置hostname，打开文件/etc/hostname，将内容改为elk-server 关闭防火墙（如果因为其他原因不能关闭防火墙，也请不要禁止80端口）：systemctl stop firewalld.service 禁止防火墙自动启动：systemctl disable firewalld.service 打开文件/etc/security/limits.conf，添加下面四行内容：

* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 2048
* hard nproc 4096

5. 打开文件/etc/sysctl.conf，添加下面一行内容：

vm.max_map_count=655360

6. 加载sysctl配置，执行命令：sysctl -p 
7. 重启电脑；

elk-server：安装文件准备
请在ELK官网https://www.elastic.co/downloads下载以下文件：
1. elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz；
2. logstash-6.2.3.tar.gz；
3. kibana-6.2.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz；

上述三个文件，推荐在CentOS7的命令行输入以下四个命令下载：

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.2.3.tar.gz
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.2.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

下载完毕后，创建目录/usr/local/work，将刚刚下载的三个文件全部在这个目录下解压，得到以下三个文件夹：

1. /usr/local/work/elasticsearch-6.2.3

2. /usr/local/work/logstash-6.2.3

3. kibana-6.2.3-linux-x86_64

启动ElasticSerach

切换到用户elasticsearch：su elasticsearch； 进入目录/usr/local/work/elasticsearch-6.2.3； 执行启动命令：bin/elasticsearch -d，此时会在后台启动elasticsearch； 查看启动日志可执行命令：tail -f /usr/local/work/elasticsearch-6.2.3/logs/elasticsearch.log，大约五到十分钟后启动成功，提示如下：

[2018-04-07T10:12:27,392][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] initialized
[2018-04-07T10:12:27,392][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [MNb1nGq] starting ...
[2018-04-07T10:12:39,676][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService   ] [MNb1nGq] publish_address {127.0.0.1:9300}, bound_addresses {[::1]:9300}, {127.0.0.1:9300}
[2018-04-07T10:12:42,772][INFO ][o.e.c.s.MasterService    ] [MNb1nGq] zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined), reason: new_master {MNb1nGq}{MNb1nGq6Tn6VskdKFQckow}{_DglQhgmRsGAF2D7eTfVfg}{127.0.0.1}{127.0.0.1:9300}
[2018-04-07T10:12:42,776][INFO ][o.e.c.s.ClusterApplierService] [MNb1nGq] new_master {MNb1nGq}{MNb1nGq6Tn6VskdKFQckow}{_DglQhgmRsGAF2D7eTfVfg}{127.0.0.1}{127.0.0.1:9300}, reason: apply cluster state (from master [master {MNb1nGq}{MNb1nGq6Tn6VskdKFQckow}{_DglQhgmRsGAF2D7eTfVfg}{127.0.0.1}{127.0.0.1:9300} committed version [1] source [zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined)]])
[2018-04-07T10:12:42,817][INFO ][o.e.g.GatewayService     ] [MNb1nGq] recovered [0] indices into cluster_state
[2018-04-07T10:12:42,821][INFO ][o.e.h.n.Netty4HttpServerTransport] [MNb1nGq] publish_address {127.0.0.1:9200}, bound_addresses {[::1]:9200}, {127.0.0.1:9200}
[2018-04-07T10:12:42,821][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [MNb1nGq] starte

5. 执行curl命令检查服务是否正常响应：curl 127.0.0.1:9200，收到响应如下：

[elasticsearch@elk-server work]$ curl 127.0.0.1:9200
{
  "name" : "MNb1nGq",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "ZHkI7PCQTnCqMBM6rhyT5g",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "6.2.3",
    "build_hash" : "c59ff00",
    "build_date" : "2018-03-13T10:06:29.741383Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "7.2.1",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "5.0.0"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

至此，ElasticSerach服务启动成功，接下来是Logstash；

配置和启动Logstash

在目录/usr/local/work/logstash-6.2.3下创建文件default.conf，内容如下：

# 监听5044端口作为输入
input {
    beats {
        port => "5044"
    }
}
# 数据过滤
filter {
    grok {
        match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }
    }
    geoip {
        source => "clientip"
    }
}
# 输出配置为本机的9200端口，这是ElasticSerach服务的监听端口
output {
    elasticsearch {
        hosts => ["127.0.0.1:9200"]
    }
}

2. 后台启动Logstash服务：nohup bin/logstash -f default.conf –config.reload.automatic &；

3. 查看启动日志：tail -f logs/logstash-plain.log，启动成功的信息如下：

[2018-04-07T10:56:28,143][INFO ][logstash.runner          ] Starting Logstash {"logstash.version"=>"6.2.3"}
[2018-04-07T10:56:28,870][INFO ][logstash.agent           ] Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9600}
[2018-04-07T10:56:33,639][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Starting pipeline {:pipeline_id=>"main", "pipeline.workers"=>1, "pipeline.batch.size"=>125, "pipeline.batch.delay"=>50}
[2018-04-07T10:56:34,628][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Elasticsearch pool URLs updated {:changes=>{:removed=>[], :added=>[https://127.0.0.1:9200/]}}
[2018-04-07T10:56:34,650][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Running health check to see if an Elasticsearch connection is working {:healthcheck_url=>https://127.0.0.1:9200/, :path=>"/"}
[2018-04-07T10:56:35,147][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Restored connection to ES instance {:url=>"https://127.0.0.1:9200/"}
[2018-04-07T10:56:35,245][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] ES Output version determined {:es_version=>6}
[2018-04-07T10:56:35,248][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Detected a 6.x and above cluster: the `type` event field won't be used to determine the document _type {:es_version=>6}
[2018-04-07T10:56:35,304][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Using mapping template from {:path=>nil}
[2018-04-07T10:56:35,333][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Attempting to install template {:manage_template=>{"template"=>"logstash-*", "version"=>60001, "settings"=>{"index.refresh_interval"=>"5s"}, "mappings"=>{"_default_"=>{"dynamic_templates"=>[{"message_field"=>{"path_match"=>"message", "match_mapping_type"=>"string", "mapping"=>{"type"=>"text", "norms"=>false}}}, {"string_fields"=>{"match"=>"*", "match_mapping_type"=>"string", "mapping"=>{"type"=>"text", "norms"=>false, "fields"=>{"keyword"=>{"type"=>"keyword", "ignore_above"=>256}}}}}], "properties"=>{"@timestamp"=>{"type"=>"date"}, "@version"=>{"type"=>"keyword"}, "geoip"=>{"dynamic"=>true, "properties"=>{"ip"=>{"type"=>"ip"}, "location"=>{"type"=>"geo_point"}, "latitude"=>{"type"=>"half_float"}, "longitude"=>{"type"=>"half_float"}}}}}}}}
[2018-04-07T10:56:35,415][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] New Elasticsearch output {:class=>"LogStash::Outputs::ElasticSearch", :hosts=>["//127.0.0.1:9200"]}
[2018-04-07T10:56:35,786][INFO ][logstash.filters.geoip   ] Using geoip database {:path=>"/usr/local/work/logstash-6.2.3/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-filter-geoip-5.0.3-java/vendor/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"}
[2018-04-07T10:56:36,727][INFO ][logstash.inputs.beats    ] Beats inputs: Starting input listener {:address=>"0.0.0.0:5044"}
[2018-04-07T10:56:36,902][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Pipeline started succesfully {:pipeline_id=>"main", :thread=>"#<thread:0x427aed17 run="">"}
[2018-04-07T10:56:36,967][INFO ][org.logstash.beats.Server] Starting server on port: 5044
[2018-04-07T10:56:37,083][INFO ][logstash.agent           ] Pipelines running {:count=>1, :pipelines=>["main"]}</thread:0x427aed17>

Kibana

打开Kibana的配置文件/usr/local/work/kibana-6.2.3-linux-x86_64/config/kibana.yml，找到下面这行：

#server.host: "localhost"
#改成如下内容
server.host: "192.168.119.132"

这样其他电脑就能用浏览器访问Kibana的服务了；

2. 进入Kibana的目录：/usr/local/work/kibana-6.2.3-linux-x86_64

3. 执行启动命令：nohup bin/kibana &

4. 查看启动日志：tail -f nohup.out

5. 以下信息表示启动成功：

{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2018-04-07T04:44:59Z","tags":["status","plugin:elasticsearch@6.2.3","info"],"pid":3206,"state":"yellow","message":"Status changed from uninitialized to yellow - Waiting for Elasticsearch","prevState":"uninitialized","prevMsg":"uninitialized"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2018-04-07T04:44:59Z","tags":["status","plugin:console@6.2.3","info"],"pid":3206,"state":"green","message":"Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready","prevState":"uninitialized","prevMsg":"uninitialized"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2018-04-07T04:45:01Z","tags":["status","plugin:timelion@6.2.3","info"],"pid":3206,"state":"green","message":"Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready","prevState":"uninitialized","prevMsg":"uninitialized"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2018-04-07T04:45:01Z","tags":["status","plugin:metrics@6.2.3","info"],"pid":3206,"state":"green","message":"Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready","prevState":"uninitialized","prevMsg":"uninitialized"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2018-04-07T04:45:01Z","tags":["listening","info"],"pid":3206,"message":"Server running at https://localhost:5601"}
{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2018-04-07T04:45:01Z","tags":["status","plugin:elasticsearch@6.2.3","info"],"pid":3206,"state":"green","message":"Status changed from yellow to green - Ready","prevState":"yellow","prevMsg":"Waiting for Elasticsearch"}

6. 在浏览器访问https://192.168.119.132:5601，看到如下页面：

至此，ELK服务启动成功，接下来我们将业务日志上报上来，需要操作另一台电脑：nginx-server；

防火墙

首先，请关闭nginx-server的防火墙：

 

systemctl stop firewalld.service && systemctl disable firewalld.service

安装Nginx

在nginx-server上安装并启动nginx服务，可以参考《 CentOS7安装Nginx1.10.1》；

FileBeat

在nginx-server电脑创建目录/usr/local/work 在/usr/local/work目录下执行以下命令，下载FileBeat安装包：

 

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.2.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

3. 解压：tar -zxvf filebeat-6.2.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

4. 打开文件/usr/local/work/filebeat-6.2.3-linux-x86_64/filebeat.yml，找到如下图的位置：

5. 首先，将上图绿框中的enabled: false改为enabled: true；

6. 其次，将上图红框中的- /var/log/*.log改为- /usr/local/nginx/logs/*.log；

7. 继续修改filebeat.yml文件，找到下图两个红框中的内容，在每行的左侧添加”#”，将这两行内容注释掉：

 

8. 继续修改filebeat.yml文件，找到下图中的内容：

首先，将上图红框中的”#”去掉；

其次，将上图绿框那一行的左侧”#”去掉；

最后，将上图绿框中的内容从[“localhost:9200”]改为[“192.168.119.132:9200”]（连接ElasticSerach）；

改好的内容如下图;

9. 启动FileBeat：./filebeat -e -c filebeat.yml -d “publish”

至此，FileBeat也启动成功了，接下来验证服务；

创建Index Patterns

通过浏览器多访问几次nginx服务，这样能多制造一些访问日志，访问地址：https://192.168.119.133 访问Kibana：https://192.168.119.132:5601，点击左上角的Discover,如下图红框，可以看到访问日志已经被ELK搜集了：

如下图，输入logstash-*，点击”Next step”：

如下图，选择Time Filter，再点击“Create index pattern”：

页面提示创建Index Patterns成功：

 

点击左上角的”Discover”按钮，即可看到最新的日志信息，如下图：

至此，我们已经可以在ELK上查到Nginx的访问日志了，接下来将Tomcat的日志也接进来；

安装和启动Tomcat

确保nginx-server电脑上已经安装了JDK8； 在/usr/local/work/目录下执行以下命令，下载Tomcat：

 

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.85/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.85.zip

4. 给脚本赋予可执行权限：chmod a+x /usr/local/work/apache-tomcat-7.0.85/bin/*.sh3. 解压缩：unzip apache-tomcat-7.0.85.zip

5. 启动：/usr/local/work/apache-tomcat-7.0.85/bin/startup.sh

6. 浏览器访问：https://192.168.119.133:8080，看到启动成功，如下图：

 

 

 

7. 访问Tomcat提供的example服务的子页面：https://192.168.119.133:8080/examples/servlets/servlet/RequestInfoExample，如下图：

 

 

 

至此，Tomcat已经启动成功，接下来将Tomcat的访问日志接入ELK；

Tomcat访问日志接入ELK

打开FileBeat的配置文件/usr/local/work/filebeat-6.2.3-linux-x86_64/filebeat.yml，在”filebeat.prospectors:”下面新增一个配置节点，内容如下：

 

- type: log
  enabled: true
  paths:
    - /usr/local/work/apache-tomcat-7.0.85/logs/localhost_access_log.*.txt

配置好的filebeat.yml有两个type节点了，如下图：

 

2. 停掉filebeat服务，再用./filebeat -e -c filebeat.yml -d “publish”命令启动filebeat服务；

3. 此时在Kibana页面已经可以搜索到Tomcat的访问日志，以“RequestInfoExample”作为关键词搜索也能搜到对应的访问日志：

 

至此，ELK-6.2.3版本的服务和日志上报的搭建已经完成，后续如果还有业务服务器要上报日志，只需按照上述步骤安装和配置FileBeat即可；

 

posted @ 2018-12-17 16:41  格桑梅朵儿  阅读(1127)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报