akka设计模式系列-Aggregate模式

  所谓的Aggregate模式,其实就是聚合模式,跟masterWorker模式有点类似,但其出发点不同。masterWorker模式是指master向worker发送命令,worker完成某种业务逻辑。而聚合模式则刚好相反,由各个worker完成某种业务逻辑后,把结果汇总发给某个actor,这个actor不一定是masterActor。

class AggregateMasterActor extends Actor{
  override def receive: Receive = {
    case cmd: AggregateCommand.Aggregate =>
      // 将此次汇总结果汇报给from,为了简化,此处用self替代
      val from = self
      val backendActor = context.actorOf(Props(new AggregateMasterBackendActor(from,cmd.parallel)),s"AggregateMasterBackendActor-${cmd.at}")
      backendActor ! cmd
    case AggregateBackendEvent.WorkDone(sum) =>
      val from = sender()
      println(s"AggregateMasterActor [${self.path.name}] 收到 ${from.path.name} 汇总结果 $sum")
  }
}
class AggregateMasterBackendActor(replyTo:ActorRef,parallel:Int) extends Actor{
  var counter = 0
  var sum = 0L
  override def receive: Receive = {
    case AggregateCommand.Aggregate(_) =>
      println(s"AggregateMasterBackendActor [${self.path.name}] 开始工作,parallel $parallel,工作结果汇总给 ${replyTo.path.name}")
      1 to parallel foreach { i =>
        val worker = context.actorOf(Props(new AggregateWorker(self)),s"AggregateWorker-$i")
        worker ! AggregateBackendCommand.Aggregate(i,parallel)
      }
    case AggregateWorkerEvent.WorkDone(result) =>
      counter += 1
      sum += result
      if(counter == parallel){
        replyTo ! AggregateBackendEvent.WorkDone(sum)
        context.stop(self)
        println(s"AggregateMasterBackendActor [${self.path.name}] 工作结束退出")
      }
  }
}
class AggregateWorker(replyTo:ActorRef) extends Actor{
  def calcResult(index:Int,parallel:Int):Long = index * parallel
  override def receive: Receive = {
    case AggregateBackendCommand.Aggregate(index,parallel) =>
      println(s"AggregateWorker [${self.path.name}] 开始工作 index=$index,工作汇总给 ${replyTo.path.name}")
      val result = calcResult(index,parallel)
      replyTo ! AggregateWorkerEvent.WorkDone(result)
      println(s"AggregateWorker [${self.path.name}] 工作结束退出")
      context.stop(self)
  }
}

object AggregatePattern {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val system = ActorSystem("AggregatePattern",ConfigFactory.load())
    val aggregateMasterActor =  system.actorOf(Props(new AggregateMasterActor),"AggregateMasterActor")
    aggregateMasterActor ! AggregateCommand.Aggregate(3)
  }
}

 输出:

AggregateMasterBackendActor [AggregateMasterBackendActor-1531383454073] 开始工作,parallel 3,工作结果汇总给 AggregateMasterActor
AggregateWorker [AggregateWorker-1] 开始工作 index=1,工作汇总给 AggregateMasterBackendActor-1531383454073
AggregateWorker [AggregateWorker-2] 开始工作 index=2,工作汇总给 AggregateMasterBackendActor-1531383454073
AggregateWorker [AggregateWorker-3] 开始工作 index=3,工作汇总给 AggregateMasterBackendActor-1531383454073
AggregateWorker [AggregateWorker-1] 工作结束退出
AggregateWorker [AggregateWorker-3] 工作结束退出
AggregateWorker [AggregateWorker-2] 工作结束退出
AggregateMasterBackendActor [AggregateMasterBackendActor-1531383454073] 工作结束退出
AggregateMasterActor [AggregateMasterActor] 收到 AggregateMasterBackendActor-1531383454073 汇总结果 18

  从代码来看该设计模式也比较简单,就是由Master创建以临时的子actor,此处命名为MasterBackend,将汇报对象的actorRef以构造函数的形式传递给MasterBackend,此处为了简单用self替代;MasterBackend根据并行参数,创建对应个数的workerActor,并把本身的actorRef以构造函数的形式传递给workerActor,workerActor执行具体的业务逻辑,并将汇总结果,发送给replyTo(也就是MasterBackend);MasterBackend收到workerActor的汇总结果,根据并行参数,判断所有子actor是否执行结束,若执行结束,此次计算完成,将汇总后的结果,发送给replyTo(也就是MasterActor)。

  上面这种设计模式有一个明显的好处,就是Master可以迅速创建大量的聚合工作而不阻塞,因为它收到命令后,只是简单的创建MasterBackend,工作交给它去执行,这个过程非常快。如果某个聚合工作比较慢,并不会影响其他任务。

  之所以说这个设计模式非常重要,是因为在spark/storm等大多分布式框架中都有它的影子。他们都选择将功能进行拆解,专门的节点或actor分别负责任务的接收、创建、执行、汇总这些工作,工作之间互不影响。如果能够深刻的理解这种设计模式,你将会设计出一个架构分层合理、互相解耦的高质量应用系统。

 

posted @ 2018-07-12 16:40  gabry.wu  阅读(551)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报