leetcode 面试题 17.10. 主要元素

数组中占比超过一半的元素称之为主要元素。给你一个 整数 数组,找出其中的主要元素。若没有,返回 -1 。请设计时间复杂度为 O(N) 、空间复杂度为 O(1) 的解决方案。

示例 1:

输入:[1,2,5,9,5,9,5,5,5]
输出:5

示例 2:

输入:[3,2]
输出:-1

示例 3:

输入:[2,2,1,1,1,2,2]
输出:2

方法一:利用哈希统计每个元素出现的次数

/**
 * 方法一:哈希
 *
 * @param nums
 * @return
 */
public static int majorityElement01(int[] nums) {
    if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) return 0;

    Map<Integer, Integer> integerMap = new HashMap<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
        integerMap.put(nums[i], integerMap.getOrDefault(nums[i], 0) + 1);
        if (integerMap.get(nums[i]) > nums.length / 2) return nums[i];
    }
    return -1;
}

方法二:利用摩尔投票

当一个数的重复次数超过数组长度的一半,每次将两个不相同的数删除,最终剩下的就是要找的数

/**
 * 摩尔投票法
 *
 * @param nums
 * @return
 */
public static int majorityElement(int[] nums) {
    if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) return 0;

    int target = nums[0];
    int count = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {
        if (nums[i] == target) count++;
        else {
            count--;
            if (count <= 0) {
                target = nums[i];
                count = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    count = 0;
    for (int num : nums) {
        if (num == target) count++;
    }
    return count > nums.length / 2 ? target : -1;
}

测试用例

public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[] nums = new int[]{1, 2, 5, 9, 5, 9, 5, 5, 5};
    int majorityElement = MajorityElement.majorityElement(nums);
    System.out.println("MajorityElement demo01 result : " + majorityElement);

    nums = new int[]{3, 2};
    majorityElement = MajorityElement.majorityElement(nums);
    System.out.println("MajorityElement demo02 result : " + majorityElement);

    nums = new int[]{3, 3, 2};
    majorityElement = MajorityElement.majorityElement(nums);
    System.out.println("MajorityElement demo03 result : " + majorityElement);

    nums = new int[]{3, 2, 2};
    majorityElement = MajorityElement.majorityElement(nums);
    System.out.println("MajorityElement demo04 result : " + majorityElement);

    nums = new int[]{3, 2, 3};
    majorityElement = MajorityElement.majorityElement(nums);
    System.out.println("MajorityElement demo05 result : " + majorityElement);

    nums = new int[]{2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2};
    majorityElement = MajorityElement.majorityElement(nums);
    System.out.println("MajorityElement demo06 result : " + majorityElement);
}
posted @ 2021-07-10 11:01  枫叶艾辰  阅读(80)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报