【0805 | Day 8】Python进阶(二)

列表类型内置方法

一、列表类型内置方法(list)
  1. 用途:多个爱好、多个武器、多种化妆品

  2. 定义:[ ]内可以有多个任意类型的值,逗号分隔元素

# my_boy_friend = list(['jason','tank','sean'])
my_boy_friend = ['jason','tank','sean']
print(f'{my_boy_friend}')
​
#['jason','tank','sean']
1 = list('hello nick')
print(f'{1}')
​
#['h','e','l','l','o',' ','n','i','c','k']

 

  1. 常用操作+内置方法:优先掌握、需要掌握、其他操作

 

优先掌握:

  1. 按索引取值(正向取值+反向取值),既可存也可取

  2. 切片

  3. 长度len

  4. 成员运算in和not in

  5. 追加append

  6. 删除del

  7. 循环

 

1. 按索引取值(正向取值+反向取值),既可存也可取

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
name_list[0] = 'nick young'
# name_list[1000] = 'tank sb' #报错
​
print(f'name_list[0]: {name_list[0]}')
​
# name_list[0] = nick young

 

2.切片

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
print(f'{name_list[0:3:3]}') #注意顾头不顾尾
print(f'{name_list[0:3:-1]}') 
print(f'{name_list[0:3:2]}')
​
#['nick']
#[]
#['nick','tank']

 

3.长度

name_list = ['nick','jason','sean','egon']
print(f'len(name_list): {len(name_list)}')
​
#4

 

4.成员运算in和not in

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
print(f"{'simon' in name_list}")
print(f"{'jason' in name_list}")
print(f"{'maya' not in name_list}")
​
#False
#True
#True

 

5.追加值

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
name_list.append('simon')
print(f'name_list:{name_list}')
​
#name_list:['nick','jason','tank','sean','simon']

 

6.删除

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
del name_list[2]
print(f"{name_list}")
​
# ['nick','jason','sean']

 

7.循环

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
for name in name_list:
    print(name)
    
#nick
#jason
#tank
#sean

 

需要掌握:

  1. insert

  2. pop

  3. remove

  4. count

  5. index

  6. clear

  7. copy

  8. expend

  9. reverse

  10. sort

 

1.insert( )

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
name_list.insert(1,'handsome')
print(f"name_list:{name_list}")
​
#name_list:['nick','handsome','jason','tank','sean']

 

2.pop( )

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
print(f"{name.list.pop(1)}")
print(f"{name_list}")
​
#jason
#['nick','tank','sean']

 

3.remove( )

name_list  = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
print(f"{name_list.remove('nick')}")
print(f"{name_list}")
​
#None
#['jason','tank','sean']

 

4.count( )

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
print(f"{name_list.count('nick')}")
​
#1

 

5.index( )

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
print(f"{name_list.index('nick')}")
​
#0

 

6.clear( )

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
name_list.clear()
print(f"{name.list}")
​
#[]

 

7.copy( )

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
print(f"{name_list.copy()}")
​
#['nick','jason','tank','sean']

 

8.extend( )

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
name_list2 = ['nick young']
name_list.extend(name_list2)
print(f"{name_list}")
​
#['nick','jason','tank','sean','nick young']

 

9.reverse( )

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
name_list.reverse()
print(f"{name_list}")
​
#['sean','tank','jason','nick']

 

10.sort( ) 注意:sort列表的元素必须是同一类型的

name_list = ['nick','jason','tank','sean']
name_list.sort()
print(f"{name_list}")
​
name_list.sort(reverse=True)
print(f"{name_list}")
​
#['jason','nick','sean','tank']
#['tank','sean','nick','jason']

 

  1. 存一个值 or 多个值: 多个值

  2. 有序 or 无序:有序

  3. 可变 or 不可变:可变数据类型

hobby_list = ['read','run','girl']
print(f'first:{id(hobby_list)}')
hobby_list[2] = ''
print(f'second:{id(hobby_list)')
​
#first:587887567432
#second:587887567432

 

 

元组类型内置方法

一、元组类型内置方法(tuple)
  1. 用途:多个装备、多个化妆品、多门课程

  2. 定义:在()内可以有多个任意类型的值,逗号分隔元素

my_boy_friend = ('jason','tank','sean')
print(f'{my_boy_friend}')
​
#('jason','tank','sean')
name_str = ('egon') #(只是普通包含的意思)
name_tuple = ('egon',)
print(f'type(name_str):{type(name_str)}')
print(f'type(name_tuple):{type(name_tuple)}')
​
#type(name_str): <class 'str'>
#type(name_tuple): <class 'tuple'>

 

  1. 常用操作+内置方法:优先掌握、需要掌握和了解

 

优先掌握:

  1. 索引取值

  2. 切片(顾头不顾尾,步长)

  3. 长度len

  4. 成员运算in和not in

  5. 循环

  6. count

  7. index

 

1.索引取值

name_tuple = ('nick', 'jason', 'tank', 'sean')
# name_tuple[0] = 'nick handsom'  # 报错
print(f"name_tuple[0]: {name_tuple[0]}")
​
#name_tuple[0]: nick

 

2.切片

name_tuple = ('nick', 'jason', 'tank', 'sean')
print(f"name_tuple[1:3:2]: {name_tuple[1:3:2]}")
​
name_tuple[1:3:2]: ('jason',)

 

3.长度

name_tuple = ('nick','jason','tank','sean')
print(f'{len(name_tuple)}')
​
#4

 

4.成员运算

name_tuple = ('nick','jason','tank','sean')
print(f'{"nick“ in name_tuple}")
      
#True    

 

  

5.循环

name_tuple = ('nick', 'jason', 'tank', 'sean')
​
for name in name_tuple:
    print(name)
    
#nick
#jason
#tank
#sean

 

6.count( )

name_tuple = ('nick', 'jason', 'tank', 'sean')
print(f"{name_tuple.count('nick')}")
​
#1

 

7.index( )

name_tuple = ('nick', 'jason', 'tank', 'sean')
print(f"{name_tuple.index('nick')}")
​
#0

 

 

  1. 存一个值 or 存多个值 : 多个值

  2. 有序 or 无序:有序

  3. 可变 or 不可变:不可变

 

二、元组和列表的区别

列表可变的原因是:索引所对应的值的内存地址是可以改变的

元组不可变得原因是:索引所对应的值的内存地址是不可以改变的,或者反过来说,只要索引对应值的内存地址没有改变,那么元组是始终没有改变的。

注意:id(list[ ])不同,可变;而id(tuple[ ])相同,不可变。

 

字典类型内置方法

一、字典类型内置方法

  1. 用途:存多个值,以key:value的形式

  2. 定义:逗号隔开,以key:value的形式,value可以是任意类型数据,key通常是字符串类型,但是key必须为不可变类型

  3. 常用操作+内置方法

 

优先掌握:

  1. 按key存取值:可存可取

  2. 长度len

  3. 成员运算in和not in

  4. 删除del

  5. 键keys()、值values()、键值对items()

  6. 循环

 

1.按key存取值:可存可取

dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
print(f"first dic['a']: {dic['a']}")
​
dic['a'] = 3
print(f"second dic['a']: {dic['a']}")
​
​
#1
#3

 

2.长度len

dic = {'a':1,'b':2}
print(f'{len(dic)}')
​
#2

 

3.成员运算

dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
print(f"'a' in dic: {'a' in dic}")
print(f"1 in dic: {1 in dic}")
​
#True
#False

 

4.删除

dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
del dic['a']
print(f"{dic.get('a')}")
​
#None
#指定元素删除
dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dic.pop('a') 
print(f"{dic.pop('b')}")
print(f"{dic.get('a')}")
​
#2
#None
#键值对删除并返回
dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
print(f"{dic.popitem()}")
​
#{'b',2}

 

5.keys/values/items

dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
​
print(f"dic.keys(): {dic.keys()}")
print(f"dic.values(): {dic.values()}")
print(f"dic.items(): {dic.items()}")
​
#dict_keys(['a', 'b'])
#dict_values([1, 2])
#dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])

 

6.循环

dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}
for k, v in dic.items():  
# items可以换成keys()\values()
    print(k, v)
    
#a 1
#b 2
#c 3
#d 4

 

需要掌握:

  1. get

  2. update

  3. fromkeys

  4. setdefault

 

1.get( )

dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
​
print(f"{dic.get('a')}")
print(f"{dic.get('c')}")
​
#1
#None 
   

2.update( )

dic1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dic2 = {'c': 3}
dic1.update(dic2)
​
print(f"dic1: {dic1}")
​
#dic1: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

 

3.fromkeys

dic = dict.fromkeys(['name', 'age', 'sex'], None)
print(f"{dic}")
​
#dic: {'name': None, 'age': None, 'sex': None}   
 

4.setdefault

dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
​
print(f"{dic.setdefault('a',3)}")
print(f"{dic}")
print(f"{dic.setdefault('c',3)}")
print(f"{dic}")
​
#1
#{'a': 1, 'b': 2}
#3
#{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

 

  1. 存一个值 or 多个值:多个值

  2. 有序 or 无序:无序

  3. 可变 or 不可变:可变

 

集合类型内置方法

一、集合类型内置方法

1.用途:用于关系运算的集合体,由于集合内的元素无序且集合元素不可重复,因此集合可以去重,但是去重后的集合会打乱原来元素的顺序

2.定义:{}内用逗号分隔开多个元素,每个元素必须是不可变类型

s = {1, 2, 1, 'a'} 
print(f'{s}')
​
#{1,2,'a'}
s = {1, 2, 1, 'a', 'c'}
​
for i in s:
    print(i)
    
#1
#2
#a
#c
s = set('hello')
print(f"{s}")
​
{'e','o','h','l'}

 

  1. 常用操作+内置方法:优先掌握,需要掌握,了解

 

优先掌握:

  1. 长度len

  2. 成员运算in和not in

  3. |并集、union

  4. &交集、intersection

  5. -差集、difference

  6. ^对称差集、symmetric_difference

  7. ==

  8. 父集:>、>= 、issuperset

  9. 子集:<、<= 、issubset

 

1.长度

s = {1, 2, 'a'}
print(f'{len(s)}')
​
#3

 

2.成员运算in or not in

s = {1, 2, 'a'}
print(f'{1 in s}')
​
#True

 

3. 并集(|)

pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
print(f"{pythoners|linuxers}")
​
#{'egon', 'tank', 'kevin', 'jason', 'nick', 'sean'}

 

4.交集(&)

pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
print(f"{pythoners&linuxers}")
​
#{'nick'}

 

5.差集(-)

pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
print(f"{pythoners-linuxers}")
​
#{'tank', 'jason', 'sean'}

 

6.对称差集(^)

pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
print(f"{pythoners^linuxers}")
​
#{'egon', 'tank', 'kevin', 'jason', 'sean'}

 

7.==

pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
javers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
​
print(f"{pythoners==linuxers}")
print(f"{javers==linuxers}")
​
#False
#True

 

8.父集(>、>=)

pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
javaers = {'jason', 'nick'}
​
print(f"{pythoners>linuxers}")
print(f"{pythoners>=linuxers}")
print(f"{pythoners>=javaers}")
print(f"{pythoners.issuperset(javaers)}")
​
# False
# False
# True
# True

 

9.子集(<、<=)

pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
javaers = {'jason', 'nick'}
​
print(f"{pythoners<linuxers}")
print(f"{pythoners<=linuxers}")
print(f"{javaers.issubset(javaers)}")
​
# False
# False
# True

 

 

需要掌握:

  1. add

  2. remove

  3. difference_update

  4. discard

  5. isdisjoint

 

1.add( )

s = {1, 2, 'a'}
s.add(3)
print(s)
​
#{1, 2, 3, 'a'}

 

2.remove( )

s = {1, 2, 'a'}
s.remove(1)
print(s)
​
#{2, 'a'}

 

3.difference_update( )

pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
pythoners.difference_update(linuxers)
​
print(f"{pythoners}")
​
#{'tank', 'jason', 'sean'}

 

4.discard( )

s = {1, 2, 'a'} 
s.discard(3)  # s.remove(3)  # 报错
print(s)
​
#{1, 2, 'a'}

 

5.isdisjoint( )

pythoners = {'jason', 'nick', 'tank', 'sean'}
linuxers = {'nick', 'egon', 'kevin'}
pythoners.isdisjoint(linuxers)
​
print(f"{pythoners.isdisjoint(linuxers)}")
​
# False

 

 

  1. 存一个值 or 多个值:多个值,值不可变

  2. 有序 or 无序:无序

  3. 可变 or 不可变:可变

posted @ 2019-08-05 21:22  fxyadela  阅读(131)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报