python爬虫04 | 长江后浪推前浪,Reuqests库把urllib库拍在沙滩上
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接下来我们要来玩一个新的库
这个库的名称叫做
Requests
这个库比我们上次说的 urllib 可是要牛逼一丢丢的
毕竟 Requests 是在 urllib 的基础上搞出来的
通过它我们可以用更少的代码
模拟浏览器操作
人生苦短
接下来就是
skr
对于不是 python 的内置库
我们需要安装一下
直接使用 pip 安装
pip install requests
安装完后就可以使用了
接下来就来感受一下 requests 吧
导入 requests 模块
import requests
一行代码 Get 请求
r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
一行代码 Post 请求
r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})
其它乱七八糟的 Http 请求
>>> r = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'})
>>> r = requests.delete('https://httpbin.org/delete')
>>> r = requests.head('https://httpbin.org/get')
>>> r = requests.options('https://httpbin.org/get')
想要携带请求参数是吧?
>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
假装自己是浏览器
>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
>>> r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
获取服务器响应文本内容
>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
>>> r.text
u'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
>>> r.encoding
'utf-8'
获取字节响应内容
>>> r.content
b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
获取响应码
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
>>> r.status_code
200
获取响应头
>>> r.headers
{
'content-encoding': 'gzip',
'transfer-encoding': 'chunked',
'connection': 'close',
'server': 'nginx/1.0.4',
'x-runtime': '148ms',
'etag': '"e1ca502697e5c9317743dc078f67693f"',
'content-type': 'application/json'
}
获取 Json 响应内容
>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
>>> r.json()
[{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'https://github.com/...
获取 socket 流响应内容
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events', stream=True)
>>> r.raw
<urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810>
>>> r.raw.read(10)
'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03'
Post请求
当你想要一个键里面添加多个值的时候
>>> payload_tuples = [('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2')]
>>> r1 = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload_tuples)
>>> payload_dict = {'key1': ['value1', 'value2']}
>>> r2 = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload_dict)
>>> print(r1.text)
{ ... "form": { "key1": [ "value1", "value2" ] }, ...}
>>> r1.text == r2.text
True
请求的时候用 json 作为参数
>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> payload = {'some': 'data'}
>>> r = requests.post(url, json=payload)
想上传文件?
>>> url = 'https://httpbin.org/post'
>>> files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)
>>> r.text
{ ... "files": { "file": "<censored...binary...data>" }, ...}
获取 cookie 信息
>>> url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
>>> r = requests.get(url)
>>> r.cookies['example_cookie_name']
'example_cookie_value'
发送 cookie 信息
>>> url = 'https://httpbin.org/cookies'
>>> cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
>>> r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
>>> r.text
'{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'
设置超时
>>> requests.get('https://github.com/', timeout=0.001)
Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>requests.exceptions.Timeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github.com', port=80): Request timed out. (timeout=0.001)
除了牛逼
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近期文章
python爬虫入门02:教你通过Fiddler进行手机抓包
python爬虫03:那个Urllib的库让我们假装是浏览器
点好看的人
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