cultivate

past participle of cultivare, from cultivus 'used for crops', from Latin cultus, past participle of colere 'to cultivate'

Cultivation may refer to:

• The state of having or expressing a good education (bildung), refinement, culture, or high culture
• Gardening
• Agriculture, the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi
• Fungiculture, the process of producing food, medicine, and other products by the cultivation of mushrooms and other fungi
• Horticulture, the cultivation of plants
• Tillage, the cultivation of soil (etymological meaning of cultivation)
• Animal husbandry, the cultivation of livestock
• Microbiological culture, a method of multiplying microbial organisms
• Cultivation theory, George Gerbner's model of media effects

Bildung (German: /ˈbɪldʊŋ/, "education", "formation", etc.) refers to the German tradition of self-cultivation (as related to the German for: creation, image, shape), wherein philosophy and education are linked in a manner that refers to a process of both personal and cultural maturation. This maturation is a harmonization of the individual's mind and heart and in a unification of selfhood and identity within the broader society, as evidenced with the literary tradition of Bildungsroman.

Cultivation theory is a sociological and communications framework; it suggests that people who are regularly exposed to media over long periods of time are more likely to perceive the world's social realities as they are presented by the media they consume, which in turn affects their attitudes and behaviors.

Cultivation theory was first advanced by professor George Gerbner in the 1960s; it was later expanded upon by Gerbner and Larry Gross. Cultivation theory began as a way to test the impact of television on viewers, especially how the exposure to violence through television affects human beings. According to the theory's key proposition, "the more time people spend 'living' in the television world, the more likely they are to believe social reality aligns with reality portrayed on television." Because cultivation theory assumes the existence of objective reality and value-neutral research, it can be categorized as part of positivistic philosophy.

In practice, images and ideological messages transmitted by popular media heavily influence perceptions of the real world. The more media people consume, the more their perceptions change. Such images and messages, especially when repeated, help bring about the culture that it portrays. Cultivation theory aims to understand how long-term exposure to television programming, with its recurrent patterns of messages and images, can contribute to shared assumptions about the world.

In a 2004 study surveying almost 2,000 articles published in the top three mass communication journals since 1956, Jennings Bryant and Dorina Miron found that cultivation theory was the third most frequently utilized cultural theory.

六级/考研单词: cultivate, educate, medicare, mushroom, livestock, organism, medium, mature, unify, sociology, exposition, consume, affection, professor, gross, accord, align, portray, ideology, transmit, journal, tertiary, seldom, utilize