cucumber

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely-cultivated creeping vine plant in the Cucurbitaceae gourd family that bears cucumiform fruits, which are used as vegetables. 黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）是葫芦科葫芦科的一种广泛栽培的匍匐藤蔓植物，结葫芦状果实，用作蔬菜。

There are three main varieties of cucumber - slicing, pickling, and burpless/seedless - within which several cultivars have been created. The cucumber originates from South Asia, but now grows on most continents, as many different types of cucumber are traded on the global market. In North America, the term wild cucumber refers to plants in the genera Echinocystis and Marah, though the two are not closely related. “野生黄瓜”一词是指棘囊藻属（Echinocystis）和马拉属（Marah）中的植物，尽管二者并非密切相关。

In a 100-gram serving, raw cucumber (with peel) is 95% water, provides 67 kilojoules (16 kilocalories) of food energy, and supplies low content of essential nutrients, as it is notable only for vitamin K at 16% of the Daily Value (table).

• 越野滑雪每十分钟消耗260卡路里的说法是错误的

Depending on variety, cucumbers may have a mild melon aroma and flavor, in part resulting from unsaturated aldehydes [不饱和醛], such as (E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal, and the cis- and trans- isomers of 2-nonenal [（E，Z）-壬-2，6-二烯醛和2-壬醛的顺式和反式异构体]. The slightly bitter taste of cucumber rind results from cucurbitacins [葫芦素].

• 葫芦素在逆转细胞免疫缺陷，激发细胞免疫功能，阻止肝细胞脂肪变性，抑制肝纤维增生等方面有一定作用。能消退黄疸，降低血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、麝浊、锌浊，消除腹水，改善蛋白代谢。临床可用于慢性迁延性肝炎。
• 赛香瓜

In 2009, an international team of researchers announced they had sequenced the cucumber genome.

Cucumbers grown to eat fresh are called slicing cucumbers. The main varieties of slicers mature on vines with large leaves that provide shading. They are mainly eaten in the unripe green form, as the ripe yellow form normally becomes bitter and sour. Smaller slicing cucumbers can also be pickled.

Pickling with brine, sugar, vinegar, and spices creates various flavored products from cucumbers and other foods. Although any cucumber can be pickled, commercial pickles are made from cucumbers specially bred for uniformity of length-to-diameter ratio and lack of voids in the flesh. Those cucumbers intended for pickling, called picklers, grow to about 7 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) long and 2.5 cm (1 in) wide. Compared to slicers, picklers tend to be shorter, thicker, less-regularly shaped, and have bumpy skin with tiny white or black-dotted spines. Color can vary from creamy yellow to pale or dark green.

Gherkins, also called cornichons, or baby pickles, are small cucumbers, typically those 2.5 to 12.5 centimetres (1 to 5 in) in length, often with bumpy skin, which are typically used for pickling. The word gherkin comes from the early modern Dutch gurken or augurken ('small pickled cucumber'). The term is also used in the name for Cucumis anguria, the West Indian gherkin, a closely related species.

• 东北俄式酸黄瓜的腌法

Production of cucumbers and gherkins, 2016 (millions of tonnes): World 80.6; China 61.9; European Union 2.9; Russia 2.0; Turkey 1.8; Iran 1.7; Ukraine 0.9.

六级/考研单词: creep, vegetation, slice, continent, globe, peel, indispensable, notable, vitamin, mild, melon, flavor, mature, shade, ripe, norm, sour, vinegar, spice, void, spine, centimetre, seldom, million, turkey