A Child's History of England.224

The Duke of York, then residing in Scotland, had, under the law which excluded Catholics from public trust, no right whatever to public employment. [The Duke had no right...] Nevertheless, he was openly employed as the King's representative in Scotland, and there gratified his sullen and cruel nature to his heart's content by directing the dreadful cruelties against the Covenanters. There were two ministers named Cargill and Cameron who had escaped from the battle of Bothwell Bridge, and who returned to Scotland, and raised the miserable but still brave and unsubdued Covenanters afresh, under the name of Cameronians. As Cameron publicly posted a declaration that the King was a forsworn [发伪誓的] tyrant, no mercy was shown to his unhappy followers after he was slain in battle. The Duke of York, who was particularly fond of the Boot [一种刑具] and derived great pleasure from having it applied, offered their lives to some of these people, if they would cry on the scaffold 'God save the King!' But their relations, friends, and countrymen, had been so barbarously tortured and murdered in this merry reign, that they preferred to die, and did die. The Duke then obtained his merry brother's permission to hold a Parliament in Scotland, which first, with most shameless deceit, confirmed the laws for securing the Protestant religion against Popery, and then declared that nothing must or should prevent the succession of the Popish Duke. After this double-faced beginning, it established an oath which no human being could understand, but which everybody was to take, as a proof that his religion was the lawful religion. The Earl of Argyle, taking it with the explanation that he did not consider it to prevent him from favouring any alteration either in the Church or State which was not inconsistent with the Protestant religion or with his loyalty, was tried for high treason before a Scottish jury of which the Marquis of Montrose was foreman [陪审团团长], and was found guilty. He escaped the scaffold, for that time, by getting away, in the disguise of a page [仆人的一类], in the train [陪伴] of his daughter, Lady Sophia Lindsay. It was absolutely proposed, by certain members of the Scottish Council, that this lady should be whipped through the streets of Edinburgh. But this was too much even for the Duke, who had the manliness [男子气] then (he had very little at most times) to remark that Englishmen were not accustomed to treat ladies in that manner. In those merry times nothing could equal the brutal servility of the Scottish fawners [拍马屁的], but the conduct of similar degraded [堕落的] beings [生物] in England.

1150~1550: 全苏格兰都是天主教。1560: 苏格兰宗教改革以加尔文主义重塑苏格兰教会，苏格兰长老会兴起。经过约130年大量流血和牺牲，直到1690年，长老教会才成为苏格兰国教。天主教 vs 新教/基督教。英国国教圣公会和苏格兰长老会都不是天主教，但他们之前也有矛盾。英国还有清教徒。

After the settlement of these little affairs, the Duke returned to England, and soon resumed his place at the Council, and his office of High Admiral - all this by his brother's favour, and in open defiance of the law. It would have been no loss to the country, if he had been drowned when his ship, in going to Scotland to fetch his family, struck on a sand-bank, and was lost with two hundred souls [人] on board. But he escaped in a boat with some friends; and the sailors were so brave and unselfish, that, when they saw him rowing away, they gave three cheers, while they themselves were going down for ever.

The Merry Monarch, having got rid of his Parliament, went to work to make himself despotic [despot = tyrant], with all speed. Having had the villainy [evil or criminal behavior] to order the execution of Oliver Plunket, Bishop of Armagh, falsely accused of a plot to establish Popery in that country by means of a French army - the very thing this royal traitor was himself trying to do at home - and having tried to ruin Lord Shaftesbury, and failed - he turned his hand to controlling the corporations [市政当局] all over the country; because, if he could only do that, he could get what juries he chose, to bring in perjured verdicts, and could get what members he chose returned to Parliament. These merry times produced, and made Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench [席位], a drunken ruffian [恶棍] of the name of Jeffreys; a red-faced, swollen, bloated, horrible creature, with a bullying, roaring voice, and a more savage nature perhaps than was ever lodged in any human breast. This monster was the Merry Monarch's especial favourite, and he testified his admiration of him by giving him a ring from his own finger, which the people used to call Judge Jeffreys's Bloodstone. Him the King employed to go about and bully the corporations, beginning with London; or, as Jeffreys himself elegantly called it, 'to give them a lick with the rough side of his tongue.' And he did it so thoroughly, that they soon became the basest and most sycophantic [拍马屁的] bodies [群体] in the kingdom - except the University of Oxford, which, in that respect [方面], was quite pre-eminent and unapproachable [seeming unfriendly and therefore difficult to talk to].

六级/考研单词: reside, nonetheless, dread, wretched, mercy, fond, derive, torture, merry, reign, parliament, shame, loyal, jury, guilt, disguise, whip, accustom, brutal, conduct, degrade, resume, defy, drown, cheer, sovereign, execute, bishop, plot, ruin, verdict, drunken, swell, bully, roar, savage, lodge, breast, monster, testimony, fingerprint, elegant, lick, thorough, thereby