嵌入式名词解释

CPU是Central Processing Unit的缩写，一般是电脑里最贵的元件。但1万多元的台式机，几十元的键盘坏了也没法用。波轮全自动洗衣机里也有"电脑"，整台洗衣机才多少钱？

MCU是很多词的缩写，在嵌入式领域里指的是: Microcontroller unit, a single computer chip designed for embedded applications.

A micro controller is an integrated circuit or a chip with a processor and other support devices like program memory, data memory, I/O ports, serial communication interface etc integrated together. Unlike a microprocessor [微处理器], a microcontroller does not require any external interfacing of support devices. 微处理器这个词是当时相对大型/巨型计算机而言的，再如微机是微型计算机的简称。随着集成度的飞速提高，芯片的处理能力增强了很多。

Intel first produced a microcontroller in 1976 under the name MCS-48, which was an 8 bit microcontroller. Later in 1980 they released a further improved version (which is also 8 bit), under the name MCS-51. MCS是Micro Computer Set的缩写。

microsecond是百万分之一秒，毫秒是millisecond. 要是加两个8位数要0.85秒... AMD有4094针的CPU. Intel 8051 is the most popular microcontroller ever produced in the world market. 原因我想是：1. 便宜; 2. 授权给了n多厂商。Following the success of 8051, many other semiconductor manufacturers released microcontrollers under their own brand name but using the MCS-51 core, 比如STCmicro, a Chinese manufacturer of Intel MCS-51 compatible microcontrollers.

 

The most commonly used is Dual Inline Package (40 pins) – known popularly as DIP.

另一个很常见的词是STM32，它使用Cortex-M3内核，which is ARM的嵌入式内核。STM: 意法半导体。

Keil MDK is the complete software development environment for a range of Arm Cortex-M based microcontroller devices. MDK includes the µVision IDE and debugger, Arm C/C++ compiler, and essential middleware components. It supports all silicon vendors with more than 9,000 devices and is easy to learn and use. 不要和 Kali Linux is an open-source, Debian-based Linux distribution aimed at advanced Penetration Testing [穿透测试] and Security Auditing [安全审计]. Kali Linux contains several hundred tools targeted towards various information security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security Research, Computer Forensics [技术流破案] and Reverse Engineering [逆向工程]. 搞混了。用C写程序，编译成机器码，做成产品是工程。逆向工程的一个例子是买来别人的芯片，搞明白别人用C写的算法。

GD32系列MCU采用了Cortex-M3、 Cortex-M4、Cortex-M23和RISC-V内核，在提供高性能、低功耗的同时兼具高性价比。该系列融合了兆易创新先进的专利gFlash存储器技术，功能更加丰富，设计灵活性也更高。 GD32系列支持广泛的应用，如工业控制、用户接口、电机驱动、电源监测、警报系统、消费电子和手持设备、太阳能光伏控制、触控面板、个人电脑外设等。

勘智k210采用risc-v处理器架构，具备视听一体、自主ip核与可编程能力强三大特点，支持机器视觉与机器听觉多模态识别，可广泛应用于智能家居、智能园区、智能能耗和智能农业等场景。

我是外行，这些都没有用过。但我用过好些个牌子的电动剃须刀，现在飞科的真的又便宜又好。某洋牌子的刀头比机身贵。

参考资料: 单片机新手学STM32还是学51？_whstudio123的博客 

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