19. 删除链表的倒数第 N 个结点

19. 删除链表的倒数第 N 个结点

给你一个链表，删除链表的倒数第 n 个结点，并且返回链表的头结点。

示例 1：

输入：head = [1,2,3,4,5], n = 2
输出：[1,2,3,5]

示例 2：

输入：head = [1], n = 1
输出：[]

示例 3：

输入：head = [1,2], n = 1
输出：[1]

提示：

• 链表中结点的数目为 sz
• 1 <= sz <= 30
• 0 <= Node.val <= 100
• 1 <= n <= sz

解法一：先算长度，再用长度减去n即为要删除的节点

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * public class ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode next;
 *     ListNode() {}
 *     ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) {
        int length = 0;
        ListNode dummy = new ListNode(-1, head);
        ListNode pre = dummy;
        
        while (head != null) {
            length++;
            head = head.next;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < length - n;i++) {
            pre = pre.next;
        }

        pre.next = pre.next.next;
        return dummy.next;
    }
}

 解法二：双指针，先让快指针比慢指针快n步，然后共同以相同速度移动，当快指针移动至最后一个节点时，慢指针所指向的即为倒数第n个节点

public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n){
    ListNode dummyNode = new ListNode(0);
    dummyNode.next = head;

    ListNode fastIndex = dummyNode;
    ListNode slowIndex = dummyNode;

    //只要快慢指针相差 n 个结点即可
    for (int i = 0; i < n  ; i++){
        fastIndex = fastIndex.next;
    }

    while (fastIndex.next != null){
        fastIndex = fastIndex.next;
        slowIndex = slowIndex.next;
    }

    //此时 slowIndex 的位置就是待删除元素的前一个位置。
    //具体情况可自己画一个链表长度为 3 的图来模拟代码来理解
    slowIndex.next = slowIndex.next.next;
    return dummyNode.next;
}

 解法三：利用栈结构实现

class Solution {
    public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) {
        ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0, head);
        Deque<ListNode> stack = new LinkedList<ListNode>();
        ListNode cur = dummy;
        while (cur != null) {
            stack.push(cur);
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            stack.pop();
        }
        ListNode prev = stack.peek();
        prev.next = prev.next.next;
        return dummy.next;
    }
}