在Idea中新建基于Maven的Spring Mvc项目
通过这段时间对Spring Mvc和Maven相关知识的学习,开始搭建一个基于Maven的Spring Mvc项目,由于中间遇到了很多坑,简单记录一下此过程。
工具:Idea 2018.3.5 (Ultimate Edition)
一、新建一个Maven项目,选择Web原型
点击next填写相关的GroupId和ArtifactID后,点击next,在如下图中,添加archetypeCatalog = internal属性,
在设置User setting file中,因为生成maven时默认是没有settings.xml文件的,可以在IDEA的安装目录里copy一份过来,本机路径是
C:\ideaIU-2018.3.5\plugins\maven\lib\maven3\conf\settings.xml,或者如果你自己下载了maven安装包,copy这里面的也行,在settings.xml文件里添加如下镜像
<mirror> <id>alimaven</id> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> <name>aliyun maven</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url> </mirror>
具体位置如图:
<mirrors> <!-- mirror | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors. | <mirror> <id>mirrorId</id> <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf> <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name> <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url> </mirror> --> <mirror> <id>alimaven</id> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> <name>aliyun maven</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url> </mirror> </mirrors>
这是阿里的库,会很快,同时在Idea右下角选择enable auto import
之后出现如下界面,表示Maven的初始框架完成
二、修改pom.xml文件,添加依赖
刚开始时其项目目录如下图
打开pom.xml文件添加相应的依赖,本文的依赖如下
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--J2EE--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version
</dependency> </dependencies>
可能有些不是必要的依赖库,但现在我也没弄明白,姑且先这样。如果想确定某个依赖的具体格式怎么写,可以参考官网https://mvnrepository.com/ 搜索你要添加的依赖
三、添加框架支持
配置完pom.xml之后,我们在idea中要添加一下框架的支持。
右击我们的项目文件夹,选择add framework support
然后在窗口中分别选中spring和springmvc,并且选择spring是,记得勾选springconfig.xml。(之后发现项目里并没有创建springconfig.xml文件,不知道是为什么)
在完成后,会生成两个xml文件
这个就是我们之后要配置的文件,先不用管。
四、完善项目目录
新建相应的目录,完成后如图
至于文件夹的变色和在directory和package之间的切换,可以点击IDEA的右上角project structure进行相关的设置。
在建立statics目录时,特别注意要将其建立在webapp目录下,而不要将其建立在WEB-INF目录下,不然很有可能导致之后的静态资源无法访问,即使在dispatcher-servlet.xml文件里配置了
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>和<mvc:resources mapping/>,因为这个问题,导致在访问静态资源时耽误了很久,但是和本次项目影响不大,如果你不配置静态资源的话。
这样我们配置前的工作就完成了,接下来就是对springmvc进行配置。
五、基于XML的Spring mvc的相关配置
5.1首先配置web.xml 这里给出我的web.xml完整版
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.j cp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <!--配置dispatcher-servlet.xml作为mvc的配置文件,在单独用Spring-MVC时,可以默认 ,不加下面两行,在此处建maven项目后一定要,不然Tomcat不会加载org.springframework相关文件--> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
这里特别注意需要配置如下init-param参数。
<init-param> <!--配置dispatcher-servlet.xml作为mvc的配置文件,在单独用Spring-MVC时,可以默认 ,不加下面两行,在此处建maven项目后一定要,不然Tomcat不会加载org.springframework相关文件--> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param>
我记得在之前单独的Spring Mvc里如果你默认使用的是dispatcher,则可以不用配置如下init-param。但在配置搭建此项目时,之前没有添加该
init-param参数,导致之后Tomcat虽然也是成功启动,但不会加载org.springframework相关的类,所以此处尽量加上init-param参数(个人理解)。
在没有添加init-param参数时,Tomcat启动成功日志大概如下
25-Mar-2019 18:58:33.035 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
25-Mar-2019 18:58:33.050 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
25-Mar-2019 18:58:33.050 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 112 ms
Connected to server
[2019-03-25 06:58:33,552] Artifact TestMavenAndMybatis:war exploded: Artifact is being deployed, please wait...
25-Mar-2019 18:58:34.624 警告 [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.WebXml.setVersion Unknown version string [4.0]. Default version will be used.
[2019-03-25 06:58:40,954] Artifact TestMavenAndMybatis:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully
[2019-03-25 06:58:40,954] Artifact TestMavenAndMybatis:war exploded: Deploy took 7,402 milliseconds
25-Mar-2019 18:58:43.037 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [F:\apache-tomcat-8.5.38\webapps\manager]
25-Mar-2019 18:58:43.476 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [F:\apache-tomcat-8.5.38\webapps\manager] has finished in [439] ms
在添加init-param参数后,Tomcat启动成功日志大概如下
25-Mar-2019 18:58:33.019 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.38
25-Mar-2019 18:58:33.035 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
25-Mar-2019 18:58:33.050 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
25-Mar-2019 18:58:33.050 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 112 ms
Connected to server
[2019-03-25 06:58:33,552] Artifact TestMavenAndMybatis:war exploded: Artifact is being deployed, please wait...
25-Mar-2019 18:58:34.624 警告 [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.WebXml.setVersion Unknown version string [4.0]. Default version will be used.
25-Mar-2019 18:58:37.640 信息 [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
25-Mar-2019 18:58:37.811 信息 [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started
25-Mar-2019 18:58:38.718 信息 [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext Root WebApplicationContext initialized in 907 ms
25-Mar-2019 18:58:38.950 信息 [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean Initializing Servlet 'dispatcher'
25-Mar-2019 18:58:40.831 信息 [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean Completed initialization in 1881 ms
[2019-03-25 06:58:40,954] Artifact TestMavenAndMybatis:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully
[2019-03-25 06:58:40,954] Artifact TestMavenAndMybatis:war exploded: Deploy took 7,402 milliseconds
25-Mar-2019 18:58:43.037 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [F:\apache-tomcat-8.5.38\webapps\manager]
25-Mar-2019 18:58:43.476 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [F:\apache-tomcat-8.5.38\webapps\manager] has finished in [439] ms
5.2 配置dispatcher-servlet.xml文件
本文dispatcher-servlet.xml完整代码如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 自动扫描装配 --> <context:component-scan base-package="myProject.Controller"/> <!--启用spring的一些annotation --> <context:annotation-config/> <!--将springmvc不能处理的请求交给tomcat --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- 配置注解驱动 可以将request参数与绑定到controller参数上 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!--静态资源映射--> <mvc:resources mapping="/statics/**" location="/statics/" /> <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,即在模型视图名称添加前后缀(如果最后一个还是表示文件夹,则最后的斜杠不要漏了) 使用JSP--> <!-- 默认的视图解析器 在上边的解析错误时使用 (默认使用html)- --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
5.3 配置applicationContext.xml
其实这个文件没什么好配置的,这个文件主要负责一些非mvc组件(或者其他组件)的配置,暂时没有,所以是空的,但你也可以扫描一下。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="myProject"/> </beans>
5.4 测试是否能正常访问
在Controller目录下,建IndexController.java,并在view目录下新建myMaven.jsp文件
package myProject.Controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class IndexController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String printhello() { System.out.println("测试"); return "myMaven"; } }
配置Tomcat,发布项目,输入http://localhost:8080/TestMavenAndMybatis/hello
测试成功
直接在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/TestMavenAndMybatis/statics/img/1.jpg 访问静态资源
测试成功
相关引用文章 https://www.cnblogs.com/shang-shang/p/7477607.html,特此感谢!