R 语言画图的基本参数
R 语言画图的基本参数
点
点的种类
点的种类参数为 pch,每一种符号对应一个数字编号
# 点有25种,为了展示25种点
x = 1:25
y = 1:25
x
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
## [24] 24 25
plot(x, x, pch = x)
# 在图上随意添加点
lines(10, 15, type = "b", pch = 5)
# type的含义
plot(x, y, type = "p", pch = x) #point 仅仅画出点
plot(x, y, type = "l", pch = x) #line 仅仅画出线
plot(x, y, type = "b", pch = x) #both 同时画出点线,注意和o的区别,没有覆盖
plot(x, y, type = "c", pch = x) # 画出线,但是点所在的位置为空
plot(x, y, type = "o", pch = x) #overlap 画出点线,线覆盖点
plot(x, y, type = "s", pch = x) #step 台阶
plot(x, y, type = "h", pch = x) #hist 类似直方图
plot(x, y, type = "n", pch = x) #none 一个空白
点的大小
点的大小的参数为cex
plot(x, x, pch = x, cex = x)
线
线的种类
线的种类参数为lty
# 首先来一个比较简单的数据
a = c(1, 10)
plot(a, a, type = "b", lty = 1)
plot(a, a, type = "b", lty = 2)
# 6种线,分别对应lty = 1,2,3,4,5,6
# 通过在图上添加参考线来认识一下这六种线 添加参考线的函数为abline ?abline()
b = 1:6
abline(h = b, lty = b)
abline(v = b, lty = b)
abline(a = 4, b = 5, lty = b)
abline(a = 0, b = 5, lty = b)
线的粗细
线的粗细的参数为lwd
abline(h = b, lty = b, lwd = b)
## Error: plot.new has not been called yet
plot(x, y, lwd = 1)
plot(a, a, type = "b", lwd = 5)
plot(a, a, type = "b", lwd = 1)
色
色的参数为col
# 颜色可以用我们单词表示
plot(x, x, col = "blue", pch = 20) #颜色名称
plot(x, x, col = "red", pch = 20) #颜色名称
# 或者用数字表示
plot(x, x, col = 1, pch = 20) #颜色下标
plot(x, x, col = 2, pch = 20)
plot(x, x, col = "#FFFFFF", pch = 20) #16进制颜色值
plot(x, x, col = "#0000FF", pch = 20) #蓝色
plot(x, x, col = rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5), pch = 20) #RGB red,green,black
plot(x, x, col = hsv(0, 0, 0.5), pch = 20) #hsv 色相-饱和度-亮度
# 彩虹型颜色
plot(x, x, col = rainbow(10), pch = 20)
pie(rep(1, 10), col = rainbow(10))
# 多阶灰度
pie(rep(1, 10), col = gray(0:10/10))
我们肯定是记不住这么多颜色的,所以这里有一个专门整理好的网站,供我们参考 http://research.stowers-institute.org/efg/R/Color/Chart/