spring mvc学习(一)入门实例
springMVC处理流程如下:
通过配置DispacherServlet拦截指定的url,让后经HanddlerMapping来决定调用我自定义的Controller,在Controller中经过业务处理后,返回ModelAndView,包含数据模型和视图,经过ViewResovler视图解析器解析后,返回相应的结果。
实例如下:
①创建一个web工程,配置服务器,导入相关的jar包。
②配置web.xml文件。如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <description>指定配置文件路径</description> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 服务器启动时创建该servlet实例 --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>testController.do</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
Dispatcherservlet拦截以.do结尾的url,将welcome-file改成了testController.do,让服务器启动时,默认访问。
③编写Controller,如下:
//实现Controller接口或者继承AbstractController public class TestController implements Controller{ @Override public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception { System.out.println("hahaah"); return new ModelAndView("hello"); } }
④配置applicationContext.xml文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans classpath:/org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context classpath:/org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc classpath:/org/springframework/web/servlet/config/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd "> <!-- 根据我们请求的不同来选择调用相对应的controller --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="mappings"> <props> <prop key="testController.do">testController</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="testController" class="com.zhongqian.controller.TestController"></bean> <!-- 视图解析器,用来指定返回后的页面 .如返回aa,则对于的页面为/WEB-INF/jsp/aa.jsp --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver"> <!-- 返回的视图模型数据需要经过jstl来处理 --> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
⑤创建hello.jsp页面
项目结构如下:
运行项目效果:控制台打印hahaah
页面显示: