python网络基础_socket
利用基本的Socket 通信,模仿远程cmd命令:
Server
import socket sk = socket.socket() sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8090)) sk.listen() conn,addr = sk.accept() while True: cmd = input('cmd : ') if cmd == 'q': conn.send(cmd.encode('utf-8')) break conn.send(cmd.encode('utf-8')) print('stdout : ',conn.recv(1024).decode('gbk')) conn.close() sk.close()
Client
import socket # 内置模块 和os模块的功能有相似之处 能执行操作系统的命令的功能 import subprocess sk = socket.socket() sk.connect(('127.0.0.1',8090)) while True: cmd = sk.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') if cmd == 'q': break res = subprocess.Popen(cmd,shell=True, # 表示要执行的是一条系统命令 stdout=subprocess.PIPE, # 存储执行结果的正常信息 stderr=subprocess.PIPE) # 存储执行结果的错误信息 sk.send(res.stdout.read()) sk.send(res.stderr.read()) sk.close()
基本的UDP :
import socket sk = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM) sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8090)) msg,addr = sk.recvfrom(1024) while True: cmd = input('cmd : ') if cmd == 'q': sk.sendto(cmd.encode('utf-8'),addr) break sk.sendto(cmd.encode('utf-8'),addr) print('stdout : ',sk.recvfrom(2048)[0].decode('gbk')) print('stderr : ',sk.recvfrom(2048)[0].decode('gbk')) sk.close()
import socket import subprocess sk = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM) sk.sendto(b'111',('127.0.0.1',8090)) while True: cmd = sk.recvfrom(1024)[0].decode('utf-8') if cmd == 'q': break res = subprocess.Popen(cmd,shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) sk.sendto(res.stdout.read()*100,('127.0.0.1',8090)) sk.sendto(res.stderr.read(),('127.0.0.1',8090)) sk.close()
粘包及简单解决方法:
使用struct模块来转换数据长度。
server:
import socket,struct,json import subprocess phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它,在bind前加 phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080)) phone.listen(5) while True: conn,addr=phone.accept() while True: cmd=conn.recv(1024) if not cmd:break print('cmd: %s' %cmd) res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) err=res.stderr.read() print(err) if err: back_msg=err else: back_msg=res.stdout.read() headers={'data_size':len(back_msg)} print(headers) head_json=json.dumps(headers) print(head_json) head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding='utf-8') print(head_json_bytes) head = struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes)) print(struct.unpack('i',head)[0]) conn.send(head) # 先发报头的长度 conn.send(head_json_bytes) # 再发报头 conn.sendall(back_msg) # 在发真实的内容 conn.close() # 服务端:定制稍微复杂一点的报头
client
from socket import * import struct,json ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080) client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) client.connect(ip_port) while True: cmd=input('>>: ') if not cmd:continue client.send(bytes(cmd,encoding='utf-8')) head=client.recv(4) head_json_len=struct.unpack('i',head)[0] head_json=json.loads(client.recv(head_json_len).decode('utf-8')) data_len=head_json['data_size'] recv_size=0 recv_data=b'' while recv_size < data_len: recv_data+=client.recv(1024) recv_size+=len(recv_data) print(recv_size) # print(recv_data.decode('utf-8')) print(recv_data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码 # 客户端
练习:up_down server:
import json import socket sk = socket.socket() sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080)) sk.listen() conn,addr = sk.accept() content = conn.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') content_dic = json.loads(content) if content_dic['operate'] == 'upload': conn.send(b'received!') with open(content_dic['filename'],'wb') as f: while content_dic['filesize']: file = conn.recv(1024) f.write(file) content_dic['filesize'] -= len(file) conn.close() sk.close()
client:
import os import json import socket sk = socket.socket() sk.connect(('127.0.0.1',8080)) def get_filename(file_path): filename = os.path.basename(file_path) return filename #选择 操作 operate = ['upload','download'] for num,opt in enumerate(operate,1): print(num,opt) num = int(input('请输入您要做的操作序号 : ')) if num == 1: '''上传操作''' #file_path = 'E:\python10\day33\作业.py' file_path = input('请输入要上传的文件路径 : ') # 告诉对方要上传的文件的名字 file_name = get_filename(file_path) # 读要上传的文件 存成字符串 with open(file_path,encoding='utf-8') as f: content = f.read() dic = {'operate':'upload','filename':file_name,'content':content} # 将字符串send给server端 str_dic = json.dumps(dic) sk.send(str_dic.encode('utf-8')) # server端接收 bytes转码程字符串 # server端打开文件 写文件 elif num == 2: '''下载操作''' pass sk.close()
详细教程参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/Eva-J/articles/8244551.html
subprocess 模块 示例:
import subprocess import os # ret = os.popen() # 拿到的结果和错误会连在一起。 # 用法示例 res = subprocess.Popen('dir', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, # 将stdout/stderr 都装入容器 stderr=subprocess.PIPE) print(res.stdout.read().decode('gbk')) # 可以分开取得结果 和 错误信息 print(res.stderr.read().decode('gbk'))
hmac 模块:
server 在服务端完成验证
import os import socket import hmac secret_key=b'egg' sk = socket.socket() sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080)) sk.listen() def check_conn(conn): msg = os.urandom(32) # 长度32位的bytes conn.send(msg) h = hmac.new(secret_key,msg) digest= h.digest() # 加salt后计算的hash结果 client_digest=conn.recv(1024) print(client_digest) return hmac.compare_digest(digest,client_digest) conn,addr = sk.accept() res = check_conn(conn) if res: print('legal') conn.close() else: print('illegal') conn.close() sk.close()
client
import socket import hmac secret_key=b'egg' sk = socket.socket() sk.connect(('127.0.0.1',8080)) msg = sk.recv(1024) h=hmac.new(secret_key,msg) digest= h.digest() sk.send(digest) sk.close()
利用hmac验证客户端的合法性:
import os import socket import hmac def check_client(conn): secret_key = b'egg' # 密钥 send_str = os.urandom(32) conn.send(send_str) hmac_obj = hmac.new(secret_key,send_str) secret_ret = hmac_obj.digest() # bytes类型 if conn.recv(1024) == secret_ret: print('合法的客户端') return True else: print('非法的客户端') return False sk = socket.socket() sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8090)) sk.listen() conn,addr = sk.accept() ret = check_client(conn) while ret: inp = input('>>>') conn.send(inp.encode('utf-8')) msg = conn.recv(1024) print(msg.decode('utf-8')) conn.close() sk.close()
import socket import hmac sk = socket.socket() sk.connect(('127.0.0.1',8090)) recv = sk.recv(1024) # 用和server端相同的手法对这个字符串进行摘要 secret_key = b'egg' # 密钥 hmac_obj = hmac.new(secret_key,recv) ret = hmac_obj.digest() sk.send(ret) msg = sk.recv(1024) if msg: print(msg.decode('utf-8')) while True: inp = input('>>>') sk.send(inp.encode('utf-8')) msg = sk.recv(1024) print(msg.decode('utf-8')) sk.close()
socketserver 模块:
server
import socketserver # 类名随意,但必须继承 BaseRequestHandler class MyServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): def handle(self): # 固定的方法 self.request.send(b'hello') # conn msg = self.request.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') print(msg) server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer( # 多线程实现并发 ('127.0.0.1',9000), MyServer) # 传入写的类 server.serve_forever() # 永久服务
client
# tcp # 粘包 # 在同一时间只能处理一个客户端的请求 import socket sk = socket.socket() sk.connect(('127.0.0.1',9000)) print(sk.recv(1024)) msg = input('>>>').encode('utf-8') sk.send(msg) sk.close()
login server
import json import hashlib import socketserver def md5_pwd(user,pwd): md5_obj = hashlib.md5(user.encode('utf-8')) md5_obj.update(pwd.encode('utf-8')) ret = md5_obj.hexdigest() return ret def login(userinfo): user_dic = json.loads(userinfo) passwd = md5_pwd(user_dic['username'], user_dic['passwd']) with open('userinfo') as f: for line in f: user, pwd = line.split('|') if user_dic['username'] == user and passwd == pwd: print('登录成功') break class MyServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): def handle(self): userinfo = self.request.recv(1024).decode('utf-8') login(userinfo) server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer( ('127.0.0.1',9000), MyServer) server.serve_forever()
login client
import json import socket ADDR = ('127.0.0.1',9000) def get_socket(): sk = socket.socket() sk.connect(ADDR) return sk # 输入账号 username = input('username >>>') passwd = input('password >>>') if username.strip() and passwd.strip(): sk = get_socket() dic = {'username':username,'passwd':passwd} str_dic = json.dumps(dic) sk.send(str_dic.encode('utf-8')) sk.close()
采用进程池方式 启用的多进程 socket server
import socket from multiprocessing import Pool def func(conn): conn.send(b'gooooood') print(conn.recv(1024).decode('utf8')) conn.close() if __name__ == '__main__': p = Pool(5) sk = socket.socket() sk.bind(('127.0.0.1',8081)) sk.listen() while 1: conn,addr = sk.accept() p.apply_async(func,args=(conn,)) # 异步方式 sk.close()
import socket sk = socket.socket() sk.connect(('127.0.0.1',8081)) ret = sk.recv(1024).decode('utf8') print(ret) msg = input('>>>').encode('utf8') sk.send(msg) sk.close() # 客户端用于测试