GIS学习笔记（一）

Microsoft Windows XP [版本 5.1.2600]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.

C:\Documents and Settings\dell>hostname                               这是我的主机名
jf029

C:\Documents and Settings\dell>cd /d F:\cao                           这是我的workspace

F:\cao>dir                                                            现在里面只有tif数据
 驱动器 F 中的卷是 新加卷                                             ArcGIS下的DEM文件
 卷的序列号是 2409-8A33

 F:\cao 的目录

2010-03-09  10:27    <DIR>          .
2010-03-09  10:27    <DIR>          ..
2006-02-22  17:43         3,154,042 odaster.tif
2010-03-07  09:14         2,103,679 oddem.tif
2010-03-07  09:54             1,160 readme.txt
               3 个文件      5,258,881 字节
               2 个目录 164,609,568,768 可用字节

F:\cao>write readme.txt                                               看看作业要求

作业一 理解图像、GRID等数据的不同                                     这是作业，不在cmd下
\\\\\\\\\\
试着将实习数据oddem.tif图像，转成<ArcGIS GRID>格式.
有图像oddem.tif，其空间坐标信息如下：
（1）图像分辨率15米，左上角坐标（732150.361,2218864.518）
请将oddem.tif转成<ArcGIS GRID>格式？输出文件名oddem。

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

作业二 投影定义
\\\\\\\\\\
检查作业一生成的数字高程数据oddem的元数据（空间坐标等），并定义其投影信息。
已知数字高程数据oddem（源于图像oddem.tif）的投影信息如下：
UTM投影，Datum - WGS84, Zone - 47, Unit - Meters
请使用ARCGIS相关模块或者手工为oddem定义投影参数？

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作业三 投影转换
\\\\\\\\\\
将作业二配置投影的数字高程数据oddem转换成老挝坐标系。
老挝当地投影坐标系信息如下：
UTM投影，Datum - Indian 1954, UTM Zone - 47
请使用ARCGIS相关模块完成投影转换？输出文件名oddemlao

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

作业四 检验配准
\\\\\\\\\\
(1)检查oddem与odaster.tif文件是否能够配准？
(2)利用oddem与oddemlao数据分别生成等高线图层odcont与odcontlao，
将odcontlao等高线转成世界坐标系后odcontwgs，检查odcontwgs与odcont是否重合？

F:\cao>od*
'od*' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

F:\cao>dir od*                                                        显示以od开头的文件
 驱动器 F 中的卷是 新加卷
 卷的序列号是 2409-8A33

 F:\cao 的目录

2006-02-22  17:43         3,154,042 odaster.tif
2010-03-09  10:37                38 oddem.tfw
2010-03-07  09:14         2,103,679 oddem.tif
               3 个文件      5,257,759 字节
               0 个目录 164,609,568,768 可用字节

F:\cao>arc                                                            进入Arc环境
Copyright (C) 1982-2006 Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
All rights reserved.
ARC 9.2 (Sun Sep 17 16:05:34 PDT 2006)

This software is provided with RESTRICTED AND LIMITED RIGHTS.  Use,
duplication, and disclosure by the U.S. Government are subject to
restrictions as set forth in FAR Section 52.227-14 Alternate III (g)(3)
(JUN 1987), FAR Section 52.227-19 (JUN 1987), and/or FAR Section
12.211/12.212 [Commercial Technical Data/Computer Software] and DFARS
Section 252.227-7015 (NOV 1995) [Technical Data] and/or DFARS Section
227.7202 [Computer Software], as applicable. Contractor/Manufacturer is
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 380 New York Street,
Redlands, CA 92373-8100, USA.

Arc: help                                                            打开help，不关闭，放着备用

Copyright (C) 1982-2006 Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
ArcDoc Version 9.2  (Sun Sep 17 16:05:34 PDT 2006)
Arc: w                                                               这是我的workspace
 Current location: f:\cao
Arc: lg                                                              list of grid，查看栅格文件
 Workspace F:\CAO does not exist                                     lc:查看矢量文件
Arc: imagegrid                                                       看imagegrid命令的参数
Usage: IMAGEGRID <in_image> <out_grid | out_stack> {out_colormap_file} {in_band}

                 {NEAREST | BILINEAR | CUBIC} {DEFAULT | SQUARE}     <必填>{可选}

{in_band：提取第几层数据，不填提取所有层数据}
Arc: imagegrid oddem.tif oddem                                       将实习数据oddem.tif图像，转成
Converting Image to Grid ...                                             <ArcGIS GRID>格式
Arc: lg                                                              有了，这是grid文件
 Workspace:        F:\CAO

 Available GRIDs
 -------------------
  ODDEM

info 存放栅格数据的属性数据

oddem存放栅格数据的空间数据

oddem中：

hdr二进制头文件

log日志，记录操作

sta统计信息

vat栅格数据的属性表

w001001.adf空间数据（数据中只有一个格网）

老师提醒要熟悉游程编码
Arc: describe                                                        看参数
Usage: DESCRIBE <geo_dataset>
Arc: describe oddem                                                  DEM文件oddem的信息
                           Description of Grid oddem

Cell Size =              15.000         Data Type:                   Integer
Number of Rows    =        1025           Number of Values =            1390
Number of Columns =        1025           Attribute Data (bytes) =         8

           BOUNDARY                                STATISTICS

Xmin =               732142.861         Minimum Value =              334.000
Xmax =               747517.861         Maximum Value =             1723.000
Ymin =              2203497.018         Mean          =              749.163
Ymax =              2218872.018         Standard Deviation =         299.164

                          NO COORDINATE SYSTEM DEFINED               现在没有投影坐标系
Arc: projectdefine
Usage: PROJECTDEFINE <COVER | GRID | FILE | TIN> <target>
Arc: projectdefine oddem oddem.tfw                                   加投影坐标，噢，这是自己乱搞

oddem.tfw文件，投影用的world文件                                     这个文件自己写就行了

15

0

0

-15

732150.361

2218864.518
Keyword token expected.
Usage: PROJECTDEFINE <COVER | GRID | FILE | TIN> <target>
Arc: projectdefine oddem.grid oddem.tfw
Keyword token expected.
Usage: PROJECTDEFINE <COVER | GRID | FILE | TIN> <target>
Arc: projectdefine grid countries_ald
GRID countries_ald does not exist
Arc: projectdefine grid oddem                                        这还是在乱搞

Define Projection
Project: projection albers
Project: units meters
Project: datum wgs84
Project: parameters
1st standard parallel                             [   0  0  0.000 ]:
2nd standard parallel                             [   0  0  0.000 ]:
central meridian                                  [   0  0  0.000 ]: -100  0 0
latitude of projection's origin                   [   0  0  0.000 ]: 20 0 0
false easting (meters)                            [       0.00000 ]: 0.0
false northing (meters)                           [       0.00000 ]: 0.0
Arc: describe oddem
                           Description of Grid oddem

Cell Size =              15.000         Data Type:                   Integer
Number of Rows    =        1025           Number of Values =            1390
Number of Columns =        1025           Attribute Data (bytes) =         8

           BOUNDARY                                STATISTICS

Xmin =               732142.861         Minimum Value =              334.000
Xmax =               747517.861         Maximum Value =             1723.000
Ymin =              2203497.018         Mean          =              749.163
Ymax =              2218872.018         Standard Deviation =         299.164

                          COORDINATE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Projection               ALBERS
Datum                     WGS84
Units                    METERS             Spheroid                  WGS84
Parameters:
1st standard parallel                                    0  0  0.000
2nd standard parallel                                    0  0  0.000
central meridian                                       -100  0  0.00
Continue?
latitude of projection's origin                         20  0  0.000
false easting (meters)                                       0.00000
false northing (meters)                                      0.00000
Arc: projectdefine grid oddem
 Warning: Coordinate system definition exists.
 Only those characteristics specified will be changed.
Define Projection
Project: projection albers
Project: units meters
Project: datum wgs84
Project: parameters
1st standard parallel                             [   0  0  0.000 ]: 32 30 0
2nd standard parallel                             [   0  0  0.000 ]: 42 30 0
central meridian                                  [   0  0  0.000 ]: -100 0 0
latitude of projection's origin                   [   0  0 0; 0.000 ]: 20 0 0
false easting (meters)                            [       0.00000 ]: 0.0
false northing (meters)                           [       0.00000 ]: 0.0
Arc: describe oddem
                           Description of Grid oddem

Cell Size =              15.000         Data Type:                   Integer
Number of Rows    =        1025           Number of Values =            1390
Number of Columns =        1025           Attribute Data (bytes) =         8

           BOUNDARY                                STATISTICS

Xmin =               732142.861         Minimum Value =              334.000
Xmax =               747517.861         Maximum Value =             1723.000
Ymin =              2203497.018         Mean          =              749.163
Ymax =              2218872.018         Standard Deviation =         299.164

                          COORDINATE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Projection               ALBERS
Datum                     WGS84
Units                    METERS             Spheroid                  WGS84
Parameters:
1st standard parallel                                   32 30  0.000
2nd standard parallel                                   42 30  0.000
central meridian                                       -100  0  0.00
Continue?
latitude of projection's origin                         20  0  0.000
false easting (meters)                                       0.00000
false northing (meters)                                      0.00000