GIS学习笔记（三）
作业一
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1 Oudomxay省数据部分 (arcinfo coverage格式)
laocontour - 等值线，elev为高程属性
laostream - 正确流向的河流图层
laostreamwrn - 错误流向的河流图层
原始数据为1:5万地形图
2 说明部分
oddem的投影参数：UTM投影，Datum - Indian 1954, UTM Zone - 47
3 作业基本要求
使用arcinfo topogrid生成DEM
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答案提示：
1 粗略计算DEM的网格大小，用于DEM插值
参照可见课件部分
这里使用5米分辨率
2 如何使用插值模块topogrid
Arc: topogrid laodem05
5
TopoGrid: datatype contour
TopoGrid: contour laocontour elev
TopoGrid: stream laostream
TopoGrid: enforce on
TopoGrid: end
Arc:
其中：laodem05 – 输出DEM的文件名
5
- 用户指定分辨率
laocontour – 用于插值的等高线cover
elev
- 等高线cover的属性表中
表示高程属性的字段名
laostream – 河流网络cover
enforce on - 清除凹陷
3 使用错误河流方向进行插值DEM，与正确的DEM比较
参照课件，校正laostreamwrn图层的错误河流方向
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作业二
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1 Global DEM - GTOPO30数据的整备
e100n40.tar.gz
2 作业基本要求
将GTOPO30数据转为Arcinfo DEM
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答案提示：
1 Arcview下,显示数据(图像显示方式)
(1) 将E100N40.DEM重新命名为E100N40.BIL
(2) 启动Arcview, 以图像格式装入E100N40.BIL
注意: Arcview不能够将16bit signed图像正确转为DEM!
2 将数据转换为arcinfo DEM：
#BIL - DEM Conversion
(E100N40.bil / E100N40.DMW)
Arc: imagegrid E100N40.bil E100N40
#understanding dataset
projection by reading
E100N40.PRJ
#set Projection to DEM (based on
E100N40.PRJ)
Arc: projectdefine grid E100N40
Project: projection geographic
Project: datum wgs84
Project: zunits meters
Project: units dd
Project: spheroid wgs84
Project: parameters
Arc:
#GRID
Post-processing
Arc: grid
Grid: E100N40P = con(E100N40
>= 32768, E100N40 - 65536, E100N40)
#Validating Elevation
and Projection
#by E100N40.STX and E100N40.PRJ
Grid: describe E100N40P
Grid: quit
Arc:
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作业四
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1 Global DEM - SRTM数据的整备(以北京地区为例)
srtm/ver2
2 作业基本要求
将srtm数据转为Arcinfo DEM
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答案提示：
1 SRTM DEM数据的投影
Projection GEOGRAPHIC
Datum WGS84
Zunits METERS
Units DD
Spheroid WGS84
Parameters
2 参考document下的说明，自己独立import数据！！
3 Mosaic DEM
#DEM Mosaic
Arc: grid
Grid: bjdem =
mosaic(0N39E116,N039E117,N040E116,N040E117)
#Set Shadow/Water to
NULL (for easy display only)
Grid: bjdemp = setnull (bjdem <
-100, bjdem)
Grid: quit
4 Arcview下,显示数据DEM
启动Arcview, 装入extension->spatial
analyst
以GRID格式装入bjdemp
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一、生成DEM
//环境变量GRIDALLOCSIZE要>147M 新增，设为200
Arc: topogrid laodem15
15
laodem15输出文件名
15为分辨率
TopoGrid: datatype
contour
数据类型：等值线
TopoGrid: contour laocontour
elev
图层名 等值线图层高程属性
TopoGrid: stream
laostream 线性约束
（正确流向的河流图层）
TopoGrid: enforce
on
强迫使用限制条件
TopoGrid: end
Arc: topogrid laodem15w 15
TopoGrid: datatype contour
TopoGrid: contour laocontour elev
TopoGrid: stream laostreamwrn
TopoGrid: enforce on
TopoGrid: end
Arc: lg
Workspace:
D:\GISECO2010\LECTURE2\EXCISE02
Available GRIDs
-------------------
LAODEM05
LAODEM15
LAODEM15W
Arc: lc
Workspace:
D:\GISECO2010\LECTURE2\EXCISE02
Available Coverages
-------------------
LAOCONTOUR
LAOSTREAM
LAOSTREAMWRN
//这些是用来看属性的吧，没看懂
属性数据：items 属性表头 矢量：aat 线数据
list 属性内容 pat 点、多边形
vat 栅格数据属性
Arc: items laocontour.aat
COLUMN
ITEM
NAME
WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC
ALTERNATE
NAME
INDEXED?
1
FNODE#
4
5
B
-
-
5
TNODE#
4
5
B
-
-
9
LPOLY#
4
5
B
-
-
13
RPOLY#
4
5
B
-
-
17
LENGTH
8
18
F
5
-
25
LAOCONTOUR#
4
5
B
-
-
29
LAOCONTOUR-ID
4
5
B
-
-
33
ELEV
4
5
B
-
-
Arc: list laocontour.aat
1
FNODE#
=
0
TNODE#
=
0
LPOLY#
=
0
RPOLY#
=
0
LENGTH
=
27.56122
LAOCONTOUR#
=
1
LAOCONTOUR-ID
=
1
ELEV
= 1100
2
FNODE#
=
0
TNODE#
=
0
LPOLY#
=
0
RPOLY#
=
0
LENGTH
=
8.63610
LAOCONTOUR#
=
2
LAOCONTOUR-ID
=
2
ELEV
= 1100
3
FNODE#
=
0
TNODE#
=
0
LPOLY#
=
0
Continue? quit
Arc: describe laocontour
//空间数据
Description of DOUBLE precision coverage laocontour
FEATURE CLASSES
Number of
Attribute
Spatial
Feature
Class
Subclass
Features data
(bytes)
Index? Topology?
-------------
--------
--------- ------------
------- ---------
ARCS
513
36
SECONDARY FEATURES
Tics
4
Arc
Segments
141238
TOLERANCES
Fuzzy = 1.5360000 N Dangle = 0.0000000 N
COVERAGE BOUNDARY
Xmin
=
732492.7534513
Xmax
=
747852.7534513
Ymin
=
2203191.5787646
Ymax
=
2218551.5787646
Continue? q
Arc: lg
Workspace:
D:\GISECO2010\LECTURE2\EXCISE02
Available GRIDs
-------------------
LAODEM05
LAODEM15
LAODEM15W
//还让老师趁机发挥了一把
//管理图层命令
Arc: rename
Usage: RENAME <old_geo_dataset>
<new_geo_dataset>
Arc: rename laodem05
test
//重命名
Arc: lg
Workspace:
D:\GISECO2010\LECTURE2\EXCISE02
Available GRIDs
-------------------
LAODEM15
LAODEM15W
TEST
Arc: copy
Usage: COPY <from_geo_dataset>
{to_geo_dataset} {DEFAULT | SINGLE | DOUBLE}
Arc: copy test
test01
//拷贝
Copied test to test01
Arc: lg
Workspace:
D:\GISECO2010\LECTURE2\EXCISE02
Available GRIDs
-------------------
LAODEM15
LAODEM15W
TEST
TEST01
Arc: kill
Usage: KILL <geo_dataset> {ARC | INFO
| ALL}
Arc: kill test
all
//删除
Killed test with the ALL
option
//删除时不要直接在文件管理器中删除
Arc: kill test01
all
//建议kill时用all
Killed test01 with the ALL
option //ARC
| INFO | ALL
Arc: lg
Workspace:
D:\GISECO2010\LECTURE2\EXCISE02
Available GRIDs
-------------------
LAODEM15
LAODEM15W
Arc: w
Current location:
d:\giseco2010\lecture2\excise02
Arc: w e100n40
WARNING: New location is not a workspace.
Arc: w
Current location:
d:\giseco2010\lecture2\excise02\e100n40
//streamflip.aml 修改河流流向的命令，回头自己看
//.dem
存放高程数据，其它均为辅助数据
Arc: imagegrid E100N40.bil E100N40
Converting Image to Grid ...
Arc: describe e100n40
Description of Grid e100n40
Cell Size
=
0.0083333
Data
Type:
Integer
Number of
Rows
=
6000
Number of Values
=
5506
Number of Columns
=
4800
Attribute Data (bytes)
=
8
BOUNDARY STATISTICS
Xmin
=
99.9999990
Minimum Value
=
1.0000000
Xmax
=
140.0000011
Maximum Value
=
65496.0000000
Ymin
=
-10.0000016
Mean
=
36777.8203125
Ymax
=
40.0000010
Standard Deviation =
26023.2324219
NO COORDINATE SYSTEM DEFINED
Arc: projectdefine grid E100N40
Define Projection
Project: projection geographic
Project: datum wgs84
Project: zunits meters
Project: units dd
Project: spheroid wgs84
Project: parameters
Arc: projectdefine grid E100N40
Warning: Coordinate system definition
exists.
Only those characteristics specified will be
changed.
Define Projection
Project: param
Arc: describe e100n40
Description of Grid e100n40
Cell Size
=
0.0083333
Data
Type:
Integer
Number of
Rows
=
6000
Number of Values
=
5506
Number of Columns
=
4800
Attribute Data (bytes)
=
8
BOUNDARY STATISTICS
Xmin
=
99.9999990
Minimum Value
=
1.0000000
Xmax
=
140.0000011
Maximum Value
=
65496.0000000
Ymin
=
-10.0000016
Mean
=
36777.8203125
Ymax
=
40.0000010
Standard Deviation =
26023.2324219
COORDINATE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Projection
GEOGRAPHIC
Datum
WGS84
Zunits
METERS
Units
DD
Spheroid
WGS84
Parameters:
Arc: grid
Copyright (C) 1982-2006 Environmental Systems Research Institute,
Inc.
All rights reserved.
GRID 9.2 (Sun Sep 17 16:05:34 PDT 2006)
Grid: E100N40P = con(E100N40 >= 32768, E100N40 -
65536, E100N40)
Running... 100%
Grid: quit
Leaving GRID...
Arc: describe e100n40p
Description of Grid e100n40p
Cell Size
=
0.0083333
Data
Type:
Integer
Number of
Rows
=
6000
Number of Values
=
5506
Number of Columns
=
4800
Attribute Data (bytes)
=
8
BOUNDARY STATISTICS
Xmin
=
99.9999990
Minimum Value
=
-9999.0000000
Xmax
=
140.0000011
Maximum Value
=
7213.0000000
Ymin
=
-10.0000016
Mean
=
-6341.9159319
Ymax
=
40.0000010
Standard Deviation
=
5100.0187009
COORDINATE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Projection
GEOGRAPHIC
Datum
WGS84
Zunits
METERS
Units
DD
Spheroid
WGS84
Parameters:
Arc: w
Current location:
d:\giseco2010\lecture2\excise02\e100n40
Arc: w ..
Arc: w
Current location:
d:\giseco2010\lecture2\excise02
