Linux路由表的含义及使用
本机ip地址 eth0 : 192.168.11.100
[root@localhost /]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.11.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0 192.168.11.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
1. 路由表的匹配规则是,dst ip 与Genmask做与运算,如果和Destination一样,修改目的mac地址,将数据包发往 Gateway
2. Gateway是0.0.0.0,表示发送到的目的IP地址不需要路由。eg. 192.168.11.100->192.168.11.101 一个网段中不需要路由
3. 路由顺序: eg. 192.168.11.100 -> 152.115.263.325 出的时候走的是第一条default路由,进来的时候走的是第三条路由
4. 默认路由是最后执行的,表示其它路由项都不符合条件。
5. ping 百度
[root@localhost /]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=23.9 ms 64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=23.6 ms ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 23.626/23.776/23.927/0.215 ms 根据ip地址配置一条路由信息: [root@localhost /]# route add -net 61.135.0.0/16 dev eth0 显示如下: [root@localhost /]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.11.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 61.135.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.11.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 再ping百度 [root@localhost /]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2999ms [root@localhost /]#
6. 一些基本命令:
route add -net 17.1.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 dev port4
route add -net 17.1.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 17.1.1.1 dev port4
route add -net 61.135.0.0/ netmask 255.255.0.0 dev eth0
route add -net 61.135.0.0/16 dev eth0
route del -net 61.135.0.0/16 dev eth0
route add -host 61.135.185.32/32 dev eth0
route del -host 61.135.185.32
route add -net 17.1.1.0/24 dev eth1
route add -net 0.0.0.0/24 gw 17.1.1.1 dev eth1
route del -net 0.0.0.0/24 gw 17.1.1.1 dev eth1
route del -net 17.1.1.0/24
7.
https://blog.csdn.net/centerpoint/article/details/37601477
操作系统上静态路由优先, 路由设备上直连路由优先. 当然这都是在相同网段的前提下, 在网段不同的时候, 都遵循深度优先原则, 即网段越小优先级越高.