BackgroundService 利用托管服务执行后台代码
ASP.NET Core 中提供了托管服务 (hosted service) 来供我们编写运行在后台的代码。
只要继承抽象类 BackgroundService ,并实现方法 ExecuteAsync() ,如果有需要释放的资源,可以写在Dispose()方法中
一、除了日志外不需要注入其它服务的后台服务
public class DemoBgService : BackgroundService { private readonly ILogger<DemoBgService> _logger; public DemoBgService(ILogger<DemoBgService> logger) { _logger = logger; } protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken) {
try{ await Task.Delay(5000); string s = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(@"e://1.txt"); await Task.Delay(2000); _logger.LogInformation(s);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{ _logger.LogError(ex, "执行后台服务失败"); await Task.Delay(1000); }
} }
注册服务
services.AddHostedService<DemoBgService>();
二、需要注入其它服务的后台服务
因为注入的后台服务是单例,所以不能直接在构造函数中注入其它服务
public class DemoBgService : BackgroundService { private readonly ILogger<DemoBgService> _logger; private readonly IdDbContext _dbContext; private readonly IServiceScope _serviceScope; public DemoBgService(ILogger<DemoBgService> logger, IServiceScopeFactory scopeFactory) { _logger = logger; _serviceScope = scopeFactory.CreateScope(); var sp = _serviceScope.ServiceProvider; _dbContext = sp.GetRequiredService<IdDbContext>(); } protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken) { while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested) { try { await DoExecuteAsync(); await Task.Delay(5000); } catch (Exception ex) { _logger.LogError(ex, "获取用户统计数据失败"); await Task.Delay(1000); } } } private async Task DoExecuteAsync() { var items = _dbContext.Users.GroupBy(u => u.CreationTime) .Select(g => new { Date = g.Key, Count = g.Count() }); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.AppendLine($"Date:{DateTime.Now}"); foreach (var item in items) { sb.Append(item.Date).AppendLine($":{item.Count}"); } await File.WriteAllTextAsync("E://1.txt", sb.ToString()); _logger.LogInformation("导出完成"); } public override void Dispose() { base.Dispose(); _serviceScope.Dispose(); } }
如果要执行定时任务,例如:“每天凌晨3点执行数据备份任务”或者“每月初执行一次报表统计任务”等,可以使用 Hangfire、Quartz.Net 专业的定时任务开源项目。