“Server.UrlDecode(Server.UrlEncode("北京")) == “北京””,先用UrlEncode编码然后用UrlDecode解码,这条语句永远为true吗?答案是否定的,结果可能与很多人预想的不大一样。本文主要分析这一问题出现的原理,研究下Server.UrlEncode(),Server.UrlDecode(),Request["xxx"]三个函数与编码方式的关系。
1. 问题出现的情景
网站采用了GB2312编码,在Web.config中添加如下配置。
<system.web> <globalization requestEncoding="GB2312" responseEncoding="GB2312"/> </system.web>
测试页面EncodeServerTest.aspx.cs代码。
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string s = Server.UrlDecode(Server.UrlEncode("北京")); bool isEqual = s == "北京"; }
测试页面EncodeServerTest.aspx代码。
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title>页面编码测试(服务器端)</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-2.1.1.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <input type="button" name="btnAjaxPost" value="AJax提交" onclick="Ajax()" /> <div id="divMessage" style="color: red"></div> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> function Ajax() { $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "EncodeServerTest.aspx", data: {name:"name"}, success: function (data) { $("#divMessage").html(data); } }); } </script> </body> </html>
运行页面,首次执行时,编码解码方式都为GB2312,isEuqal=true;点击页面的button,通过ajax再次请求页面,编码方式仍为GB2312,但解码方式变成了UTF-8,于是s值成了乱码,isEqual=false。下面两个图分别为两次执行的结果:
实际项目遇到问题的场景比这复杂,但也是因为UrlEncode编码和UrlDecode解码方式不一致造成的,本系列的第三篇会有实际项目场景的说明。要解释这一现象,必须了解UrlEncode()和UrlDecode()的实现。
2. Server.UrlEncode()函数
反编译UrlEncode()函数,实现如下:
public string UrlEncode(string s) { Encoding e = (this._context != null) ? this._context.Response.ContentEncoding : Encoding.UTF8; return HttpUtility.UrlEncode(s, e); }
从源码可以看出,有上下文时用的是Response.ContentEncoding,没有上下文时默认用UTF-8编码。关键是Response.ContentEncoding的实现,继续反编译ContentEncoding的实现:
public Encoding ContentEncoding { get { if (this._encoding == null) { GlobalizationSection globalization = RuntimeConfig.GetLKGConfig(this._context).Globalization; if (globalization != null) { this._encoding = globalization.ResponseEncoding; } if (this._encoding == null) { this._encoding = Encoding.Default; } } return this._encoding; } }
结论:UrlEncode()函数,优先从取配置文件的Globalization结点获取,如果配置文件没有的话用Encoding.Default,最后默认用Encoding.UTF8。
3. Server.UrlDecode()函数
反编译UrlEncode()函数,实现如下:
public string UrlDecode(string s) { Encoding e = (this._context != null) ? this._context.Request.ContentEncoding : Encoding.UTF8; return HttpUtility.UrlDecode(s, e); }
从源码可以看出,有上下文时用的是Request.ContentEncoding,没有上下文时默认用UTF-8编码。关键是Request.ContentEncoding的实现,继续反编译ContentEncoding的实现:
public Encoding ContentEncoding { get { if (!this._flags[0x20] || (this._encoding == null)) { this._encoding = this.GetEncodingFromHeaders(); if ((this._encoding is UTF7Encoding) && !AppSettings.AllowUtf7RequestContentEncoding) { this._encoding = null; } if (this._encoding == null) { GlobalizationSection globalization = RuntimeConfig.GetLKGConfig(this._context).Globalization; this._encoding = globalization.RequestEncoding; } this._flags.Set(0x20); } return this._encoding; } set { this._encoding = value; this._flags.Set(0x20); } }
从源码可以看出,Request.ContentEncoding先通过函数GetEncodingFromHeaders()获取,如果获取不到,则从配置文件获取,接下来看GetEncodingFromHeaders()的实现:
private Encoding GetEncodingFromHeaders() { if ((this.UserAgent != null) && CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.CompareInfo.IsPrefix(this.UserAgent, "UP")) { string str = this.Headers["x-up-devcap-post-charset"]; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(str)) { try { return Encoding.GetEncoding(str); } catch { } } } if (!this._wr.HasEntityBody()) { return null; } string contentType = this.ContentType; if (contentType == null) { return null; } string attributeFromHeader = GetAttributeFromHeader(contentType, "charset"); if (attributeFromHeader == null) { return null; } Encoding encoding = null; try { encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(attributeFromHeader); } catch { } return encoding; }
从GetEncodingFromHeaders()的源码可以看出,先从HTTP请求头(x-up-devcap-post-charset或者charset)获取编码信息,如果编码合法的话则采用HTTP请求头指定的编码方式解码。
结论:UrlDecode()函数,优先从HTTP请求头(x-up-devcap-post-charset或者charset)获取编码,如果没指定的话从取配置文件的Globalization结点获取,最后默认Encoding.UTF8。
通过对UrlEncode()和UrlDecode()源码的分析,可以看出两者在确定编码上并不一致,UrlDecode()和HTTP请求的头有关,而通过Fiddler对比EncodeServerTest.aspx页面的两次请求,发现通过Ajax方式的请求,请求头正好多了“Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8”一句,文章开始的问题得以解释。
补充:获取Response.ContentEncoding和Request.ContentEncoding时,还有一个重要的函数”GlobalizationSection globalization = RuntimeConfig.GetLKGConfig(this._context).Globalization“,网上关于这个函数的资料很少,反编译后代码也很复杂,看的云里雾里,下面摘录一部分代码,从总可以猜测这个函数的功能:根据配置文件的继承关系,取配置文件中Globalization结点的Request和Response编码方式,如果没取到的话默认取UTF-8编码,个人感觉获取Request.ContentEncoding时的分支Encoding.Default赋值应该不会被执行。
internal static RuntimeConfig GetLKGConfig(HttpContext context) { RuntimeConfig lKGRuntimeConfig = null; bool flag = false; try { lKGRuntimeConfig = GetConfig(context); flag = true; } catch { } if (!flag) { lKGRuntimeConfig = GetLKGRuntimeConfig(context.Request.FilePathObject); } return lKGRuntimeConfig.RuntimeConfigLKG; } //先取网站的配置文件,然后取本机的配置文件 private static RuntimeConfig GetLKGRuntimeConfig(VirtualPath path) { try { path = path.Parent; } catch { path = System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.ApplicationVirtualPathObject; } while (path != null) { try { return GetConfig(path); } catch { path = path.Parent; } } try { return GetRootWebConfig(); } catch { } try { return GetMachineConfig(); } catch { } return GetNullRuntimeConfig(); } //配置文件有的话,返回配置文件的编码方式;配置文件没有的话返回UTF-8编码方式 //感觉获取Request.ContentEncoding时的Encoding.Default应该不会被执行 [ConfigurationProperty("responseEncoding", DefaultValue = "utf-8")] public Encoding ResponseEncoding { get { if (this.responseEncodingCache == null) { this.responseEncodingCache = Encoding.UTF8; } return this.responseEncodingCache; } set { if (value != null) { base[_propResponseEncoding] = value.WebName; this.responseEncodingCache = value; } else { base[_propResponseEncoding] = value; this.responseEncodingCache = Encoding.UTF8; } } } //配置文件有的话,返回配置文件的编码方式;配置文件没有的话返回UTF-8编码方式 [ConfigurationProperty("requestEncoding", DefaultValue = "utf-8")] public Encoding RequestEncoding { get { if (this.requestEncodingCache == null) { this.requestEncodingCache = Encoding.UTF8; } return this.requestEncodingCache; } set { if (value != null) { base[_propRequestEncoding] = value.WebName; this.requestEncodingCache = value; } else { base[_propRequestEncoding] = value; this.requestEncodingCache = Encoding.UTF8; } } }
4. Request["xxx"]
Request[key],根据指定的key,依次访问QueryString,Form,Cookies,ServerVariables这4个集合,如果在任意一个集合中找到了,就立即返回。通常如果请求是用GET方法发出的,那我们一般是访问QueryString去获取用户的数据,如果请求是用POST方法提交的, 我们一般使用Form去访问用户提交的表单数据。
public string this[string key] { get { string str = this.QueryString[key]; if (str != null) { return str; } str = this.Form[key]; if (str != null) { return str; } HttpCookie cookie = this.Cookies[key]; if (cookie != null) { return cookie.Value; } str = this.ServerVariables[key]; if (str != null) { return str; } return null; } }
Request.QueryString[key]实现源码如下,从中可以看到经过层层调用,最终调用的是”base.Add(HttpUtility.UrlDecode(str, encoding), HttpUtility.UrlDecode(str2, encoding));“添加到集合中,而是用的解码方式encoding和Server.UrlDecode()函数是一致的,都是Request.ContentEncoding。
//QueryString[key]实现 public NameValueCollection QueryString { get { this.EnsureQueryString(); if (this._flags[1]) { this._flags.Clear(1); this.ValidateHttpValueCollection(this._queryString, RequestValidationSource.QueryString); } return this._queryString; } } //QueryString[key]调用EnsureQueryString()初始化数据 internal HttpValueCollection EnsureQueryString() { if (this._queryString == null) { this._queryString = new HttpValueCollection(); if (this._wr != null) { this.FillInQueryStringCollection(); } this._queryString.MakeReadOnly(); } return this._queryString; } //FillInQueryStringCollection()函数解码,用的解码方式为QueryStringEncoding private void FillInQueryStringCollection() { byte[] queryStringBytes = this.QueryStringBytes; if (queryStringBytes != null) { if (queryStringBytes.Length != 0) { this._queryString.FillFromEncodedBytes(queryStringBytes, this.QueryStringEncoding); } } else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.QueryStringText)) { this._queryString.FillFromString(this.QueryStringText, true, this.QueryStringEncoding); } } //解码函数 internal void FillFromString(string s, bool urlencoded, Encoding encoding) { int num = (s != null) ? s.Length : 0; for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { this.ThrowIfMaxHttpCollectionKeysExceeded(); int startIndex = i; int num4 = -1; while (i < num) { char ch = s[i]; if (ch == '=') { if (num4 < 0) { num4 = i; } } else if (ch == '&') { break; } i++; } string str = null; string str2 = null; if (num4 >= 0) { str = s.Substring(startIndex, num4 - startIndex); str2 = s.Substring(num4 + 1, (i - num4) - 1); } else { str2 = s.Substring(startIndex, i - startIndex); } if (urlencoded) { base.Add(HttpUtility.UrlDecode(str, encoding), HttpUtility.UrlDecode(str2, encoding)); } else { base.Add(str, str2); } if ((i == (num - 1)) && (s[i] == '&')) { base.Add(null, string.Empty); } } } //QueryString[key]调用的解码方式为ContentEncoding,和Server.UrlDecode()一致 internal Encoding QueryStringEncoding { get { Encoding contentEncoding = this.ContentEncoding; if (!contentEncoding.Equals(Encoding.Unicode)) { return contentEncoding; } return Encoding.UTF8; } }
Request.Form[key]实现源码如下,从中可以看到经过层层调用,最终调用的是”HttpUtility.UrlDecode(bytes, num4 + 1, (i - num4) - 1, encoding);“添加到集合中,而调用的解码方式encoding和Server.UrlDecode()函数是一致的,都是Request.ContentEncoding。
//Form[key]实现 public NameValueCollection Form { get { this.EnsureForm(); if (this._flags[2]) { this._flags.Clear(2); this.ValidateHttpValueCollection(this._form, RequestValidationSource.Form); } return this._form; } } internal HttpValueCollection EnsureForm() { if (this._form == null) { this._form = new HttpValueCollection(); if (this._wr != null) { this.FillInFormCollection(); } this._form.MakeReadOnly(); } return this._form; } private void FillInFormCollection() { if ((this._wr != null) && this._wr.HasEntityBody()) { string contentType = this.ContentType; if ((contentType != null) && (this._readEntityBodyMode != System.Web.ReadEntityBodyMode.Bufferless)) { if (StringUtil.StringStartsWithIgnoreCase(contentType, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")) { byte[] bytes = null; HttpRawUploadedContent entireRawContent = this.GetEntireRawContent(); if (entireRawContent != null) { bytes = entireRawContent.GetAsByteArray(); } if (bytes == null) { return; } try { this._form.FillFromEncodedBytes(bytes, this.ContentEncoding); return; } catch (Exception exception) { throw new HttpException(System.Web.SR.GetString("Invalid_urlencoded_form_data"), exception); } } if (StringUtil.StringStartsWithIgnoreCase(contentType, "multipart/form-data")) { MultipartContentElement[] multipartContent = this.GetMultipartContent(); if (multipartContent != null) { for (int i = 0; i < multipartContent.Length; i++) { if (multipartContent[i].IsFormItem) { this._form.ThrowIfMaxHttpCollectionKeysExceeded(); this._form.Add(multipartContent[i].Name, multipartContent[i].GetAsString(this.ContentEncoding)); } } } } } } } internal void FillFromEncodedBytes(byte[] bytes, Encoding encoding) { int num = (bytes != null) ? bytes.Length : 0; for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { string str; string str2; this.ThrowIfMaxHttpCollectionKeysExceeded(); int offset = i; int num4 = -1; while (i < num) { byte num5 = bytes[i]; if (num5 == 0x3d) { if (num4 < 0) { num4 = i; } } else if (num5 == 0x26) { break; } i++; } if (num4 >= 0) { str = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(bytes, offset, num4 - offset, encoding); str2 = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(bytes, num4 + 1, (i - num4) - 1, encoding); } else { str = null; str2 = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(bytes, offset, i - offset, encoding); } base.Add(str, str2); if ((i == (num - 1)) && (bytes[i] == 0x26)) { base.Add(null, string.Empty); } } }
Request.Cookies[key],最终没有调用解码函数,只是把HTTP请求中Cookie值取出来了,如果存储Cookie时,对数据进行了编码处理,通过Request.Cookies[key]获取到Cookie值,需要调用对应的解码函数进行解码。最好调用函数HttpUtility.UrlDecode(str, encoding)解码,以免因为HTTP请求不同造成解码方式不同而出错(对应Server.UrlDecode()函数)。
5. 本文结论
Request.QueryString[key]、Request.Form[key]默认都会调用函数HttpUtility.UrlDecode(str, encoding),如果HTTP请求的数据只经过一次编码,无需再调用解码函数;Request.Cookies[key]没用调用解码函数,获取到值后需要调用正确的解码函数才能得到正确的值。
Request.QueryString[key]、Request.Form[key]、Server.UrlDecode(),解码方式获取是一致的,都是优先从HTTP请求头(x-up-devcap-post-charset或者charset)获取编码,如果没指定的话从取配置文件的Globalization结点获取,最后默认Encoding.UTF8。
Server.UrlEncode()解码方式,优先从取配置文件的Globalization结点获取,如果配置文件没有的话用Encoding.Default,最后默认用Encoding.UTF8。
Server.UrlEncode()和Server.UrlDecode(),获取编码方式并不一样,两者成对使用结果并不一定正确,这个和我们通常的认识不一致,需要特别注意。