PyMySQL模块的使用
PyMySQL
PyMySQL是Python中操作MySQL的模块,其使用方法和MySQLdb几乎相同,但MySQLdb不支持python3.x版本。
1、安装
pip3 install pymysql
2、使用
a、执行SQL
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql # 创建连接 conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1') #存在中文时,加上 charset='utf8' # 创建游标 cursor = conn.cursor() #默认为元组的形式返回,but.. #cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor #cursor=conn.cursor(cursor=cursor)#以字典的形式返回 # 执行SQL,并返回收影响行数 effect_row = cursor.execute("update hosts set host = '1.1.1.2'") # 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数 #effect_row = cursor.execute("update hosts set host = '1.1.1.2' where nid > %s", (1,)) # 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数 #effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into hosts(host,color_id)values(%s,%s)", [("1.1.1.11",1),("1.1.1.11",2)]) conn.commit() # 提交,不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据 cursor.close() # 关闭游标 cursor.close() # 关闭连接
b、获取新创建数据自增ID
cursor.close()
new_id = cursor.lastrowid
c、获取查询数据
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1') cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("select * from hosts") # 获取第一行数据 row_1 = cursor.fetchone() # 获取前n行数据 # row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3) # 获取所有数据 # row_3 = cursor.fetchall() conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()
注:在fetch数据时按照顺序进行,可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置,如:
- cursor.scroll(1,mode='relative') # 相对当前位置移动
- cursor.scroll(2,mode='absolute') # 相对绝对位置移动
d、fetch数据类型
关于默认获取的数据是元祖类型,如果想要或者字典类型的数据,即:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1') # 游标设置为字典类型 cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) r = cursor.execute("call p1()") result = cursor.fetchone() conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()
e、调用存储过程
调用无参存储过程
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1') #游标设置为字典类型 cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) #无参数存储过程 cursor.callproc('p2') #等价于cursor.execute("call p2()") row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()
调用有参存储过程
#! /usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1') cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.callproc('p1', args=(1, 22, 3, 4)) #获取执行完存储的参数,参数@开头 cursor.execute("select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3") #{u'@_p1_1': 22, u'@p1': None, u'@_p1_2': 103, u'@_p1_3': 24} row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print row_1 conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close()
三、使用with简化连接过程
每次都连接关闭很麻烦,使用上下文管理,简化连接过程
import pymysql import contextlib #定义上下文管理器,连接后自动关闭连接 @contextlib.contextmanager def mysql(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='User',charset='utf8'): conn = pymysql.connect(host=host, port=port, user=user, passwd=passwd, db=db, charset=charset) cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) try: yield cursor finally: conn.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() # 执行sql with mysql() as cursor: print(cursor) row_count = cursor.execute("select * from tb") row_1 = cursor.fetchone() print( row_count, row_1)