实验3 控制语句与组合数据类型应用编程
实验任务1
import random
print('用列表存储随机整数: ')
lst = [random.randint(0, 100) for i in range(5)]
print(lst)
print('\n用集合存储随机整数: ')
s1 = {random.randint(0, 100) for i in range(5)}
print(s1)
print('\n用集合存储随机整数: ')
s2 = set()
while len(s2) < 5:
s2.add(random.randint(0, 100))
print(s2)
问题1：random.randint(0,100) 生成的随机整数范围是？能否取到100？
0到100.可以取到100
问题2：利用 list(range(5)) 生成的有序序列范围是？是否包括5？
0到4.不包括5.
利用 list(range(1,5)) 生成的有序序列范围是？是否包括5？
1到4.不包括5.
问题3：使用line8代码生成的集合s1，len(s1)一定是5吗？如果不是，请解释原因。
不一定。如果有两个或多个随机数相同，则会因为集合的唯一性而被去重。
问题4：使用line12-14生成的集合s2，len(s2)一定是5吗？如果不是，请解释原因
是
实验任务2
task2-1
# 列表遍历
lst = [55, 92, 88, 79, 96]
# 遍历方式1: 使用while + 索引
i = 0
while i < len(lst):
print(lst[i], end = ' ')
i += 1
print()
# 遍历方式2：使用for + 索引
for i in range(len(lst)):
print(lst[i], end = ' ')
print()
# 遍历方式3： 使用for...in
for i in lst:
print(i , end = ' ')
print()
task2-2
# 字典遍历
book_info = {'isbn': '978-7-5356-8297-0',
'书名': '白鲸记',
'作者': '克里斯多夫.夏布特',
'译者': '高文婧',
'出版社': '湖南美术出版社',
'售价': 82
}
# 遍历key-value对：实现方式1
for key, value in book_info.items():
print(f'{key}: {value}')
print()
# 遍历key-value对：实现方式2
for item in book_info.items():
print(f'{item[0]}: {item[1]}')
print()
# 遍历值：实现方式1
for value in book_info.values():
print(value, end = ' ')
print()
# 遍历值: 实现方式2
for key in book_info.keys():
print(book_info[key], end = ' ')
task2-3
book_infos = [{'书名': '昨日的世界', '作者': '斯蒂芬.茨威格'},
{'书名': '局外人', '作者': '阿尔贝.加缪'},
{'书名': '设计中的设计', '作者': '原研哉'},
{'书名': '万历十五年', '作者': '黄仁宇'},
{'书名': '刀锋', '作者': '毛姆'}
]
bookname=[]
writer=[]
for i in book_infos:
bookname.append(i['书名'])
for i in book_infos:
writer.append(i['作者'])
for i in range(5):
print(f'{i+1}. 《{bookname[i]}》 , {writer[i]}')
实验任务3
编写程序，对Zen Of Python（Python之禅)中使用的a~z字母频率进行统计，按照字母出现的频率降序输出。
要求：
- 忽略大小写
- 没有被使用到的字母，也要统计输出（频率0）
import string
text='''The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!'''
text_new=text.lower()
letters=string.ascii_lowercase
lst=[0 for i in range(26)]
for i in range(len(text_new)):
if text_new[i] in letters:
lst[ord(text_new[i])-97]+=1
con=dict(zip(list(letters),lst))
con_order=sorted(con.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)# 按字典集合中，每一个元组的第二个元素排列。
# x相当于字典集合中遍历出来的一个元组。
for i in range(len(con_order)):
print(f'{con_order[i][0]}:{con_order[i][1]}')
实验任务4
code_majors={8326:'地信类',
8329:'计算机类',
8330:'气科类',
8336:'防灾工程',
8345:'海洋科学',
8382:'气象工程'}
print('{0:-^50}'.format('专业代号信息'))
for i in range(len(code_majors)):
print(f'{list(code_majors.keys())[i]}: {list(code_majors.values())[i]}')
print('{0:-^50}'.format('学生专业查询'))
while True:
num=input('请输入学号: ')
if num=='#':
break
else:
num_sl=int(num[4:8])
if num_sl in list(code_majors.keys()):
print(f'专业是: {code_majors[num_sl]}')
elif num_sl not in list(code_majors.keys()):
print('不在这些专业中...')
实验任务5
编写一个简单的猜日期程序。具体要求如下：
- 使用随机模块 random 中的 randint() 函数，生成1~31之间的一个随机整数作为5月的lucky day
- 用户有三次猜日期机会。根据用户输入的日期，提示用户猜的日期是猜中了，或是，早或晚。
- 如果用户已经猜中了，则无需打印输出lucky day。
- 如果用户用光三次机会也没有猜中，那么，就打印输出用户在5月的lucky day。
import random
lucky_day=random.randint(1,31)
print(f'猜猜2023年5月哪一天会是你的lucky day{chr(0x1f609)}')
guess=int(input('你有三次机会,猜吧(1~31):'))
flag=0
while lucky_day!=guess:
if guess>lucky_day:
print('猜晚了,你的lucky day已经过了')
elif guess<lucky_day:
print('猜早了,你的lucky day还没到呢')
elif guess==lucky_day:
break
flag+=1
if flag==3:
break
guess=int(input('再猜(1~31):'))
if flag<3:
print(f'哇,猜中了{chr(0x1f923)}')
elif flag==3:
print(f'哇哦,次数用光啦。\n偷偷告诉你,5月你的lucky day是{lucky_day}号。good luck{chr(0x1f60a)}')
实验任务6
datas = {'2049777001': ['篮球', '羽毛球', '美食', '漫画'],
'2049777002': ['音乐', '旅行'],
'2049777003': ['马拉松', '健身', '游戏'],
'2049777004': [],
'2049777005': ['足球', '阅读'],
'2049777006': ['发呆', '闲逛'],
'2049777007': [],
'2049777008': ['书法', '电影'],
'2049777009': ['音乐', '阅读', '电影', '漫画'],
'2049777010': ['数学', '推理', '音乐', '旅行']}
hobby=[]
for i in list(datas.values()):
hobby+=i
hobby_set=list(set(hobby))
hobby_count=[0 for i in range(len(hobby_set))]
for i in range(len(hobby)):
hobby_count[hobby_set.index(hobby[i])]+=1
hobby_dict=dict(zip(hobby_set,hobby_count))
hobby_dict_order=sorted(hobby_dict.items(),key=lambda x : x[1],reverse=True)
for i in range(len(hobby_dict_order)):
print(f'{hobby_dict_order[i][0]}:{hobby_dict_order[i][1]}')
实验任务7
task7-1
"""
家用电器销售系统
v1.3
"""
#欢迎信息
print('欢迎使用家用电器销售系统！')
#商品数据初始化
products=[
['0001','电视机','海 尔',5999.00,20],
['0002','冰 箱','西门子',6998.00,15],
['0003','洗衣机','小天鹅',1999.00,10],
['0004','空 调','格 力',3900.00,0],
['0005','热水器','美 的',688.00,30],
['0006','笔记本','联 想',5699.00,10],
['0007','微波炉','苏泊尔',480.00,33],
['0008','投影仪','松 下',1250.00,12],
['0009','吸尘器','飞利浦',999.00,9]
]
#初始化用户购物车
products_cart = []
option = input('请选择您的操作:1-查看商品;2-购物;3—查看购物车;其他-结账')
while option in['1', '2', '3']:
if option == '1':
# 产品信息列表
print('产品和价格信息如下:')
print('{:*^48}'.format('*'))
print('{:10}'.format('编号'), '{:10}'.format('名称'), '{:10}'.format('品牌'), '{:10}'.format('价格'), '{:10}'.format('库存数量'))
print('{:-^50}'.format('-'))
for i in range(len(products)):
print('{:10}'.format(products[i][0]), '{:10}'.format(products[i][1]), '{:10}'.format(products[i][2]), '{:10}'.format(products[i][3]), '{:10}'.format(products[i][4]))
print('{:-^50}'.format('-'))
elif option == '2':
product_id = input('请输入您要购买的产品编号：')
while product_id not in [item[0] for item in products]:
product_id = input('编号不存在，请重新输入您要购买的产品编号：')
count = int(input('请输入您要购买的产品数量：'))
while count > products[int(product_id)-1][4]:
count = int(input('数量超出库存，请重新输入您要购买的产品数量：'))
# 将所购买的商品加入购物车
if product_id not in [item[0] for item in products_cart]:
products_cart.append([product_id,count])
else:
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
if products_cart[i][0] == product_id:
products_cart[i][1]+=count
# 更新商品列表
for i in range(len(products)):
if products[i][0] == product_id:
products[i][4] -= count
else:
print('购物车信息如下：')
print('{:*^48}'.format('*'))
print('{:10}'.format('编号'), '{:10}'.format('购买数量'))
print('{:-^50}'.format('-'))
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
print('{:10}'.format(products_cart[i][0]), '{:6}'.format(products_cart[i][1]))
print('{:-^50}'.format('-'))
option = input('操作成功!请选择你的操作:1-查看商品;2-购物;3-查看购物车;其他-结账')
# 计算金额
if len(products_cart) > 0:
amount = 0
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
product_index = 0
for j in range(len(products)):
if products[j][0] == products_cart[i][0]:
product_index = j
break
price = products[product_index][3]
count = products_cart[i][1]
amount += price*count
if 5000 < amount <= 10000:
amount = amount * 0.95
elif 10000 < amount <= 20000:
amount = amount * 0.90
elif amount > 20000:
amount = amount*0.85
else:
amount = amount*1
print('购买成功，您需要支付%8.2f元' % amount)
# 退出系统
print('谢谢您的光临，下次再见！')
task7-2
"""
家用电器销售系统
v1.3
"""
#欢迎信息
print('欢迎使用家用电器销售系统！')
#商品数据初始化
products = [
['0001','电视机','海尔',5999.00,20],
['0002','冰箱','西门子',6998.00,15],
['0003','洗衣机','小天鹅',1999.00,10],
['0004','空调','格力',3900.00,10],
['0005','热水器','美的',688.00,30],
['0006','笔记本','联想',5699.00,10],
['0007','微波炉','苏泊尔',480.50,33],
['0008','投影仪','松下',1250.00,12],
['0009','吸尘器','飞利浦',999.00,9]
]
#初始化用户购物车
products_cart = []
option = input('请选择您的操作;1-查看商品;2-购物;3—查看购物车;其他-结账')
while option in['1', '2', '3']:
if option == '1':
# 产品信息列表
print('产品和价格信息如下:')
print('{:*^48}'.format('*'))
print('{:10}'.format('编号'), '{:10}'.format('名称'), '{:10}'.format('品牌'), '{:10}'.format('价格'), '{:10}'.format('库存数量'))
print('{:-^50}'.format('-'))
for i in range(len(products)):
print('{:10}'.format(products[i][0]), '{:10}'.format(products[i][1]), '{:10}'.format(products[i][2]), '{:10}'.format(products[i][3]), '{:10}'.format(products[i][4]))
print('{:-^50}'.format('-'))
elif option == '2':
product_id = input('请输入您要购买的产品编号：')
while product_id not in [item[0] for item in products]:
product_id = input('编号不存在，请重新输入您要购买的产品编号：')
count = int(input('请输入您要购买的产品数量：'))
while count > products[int(product_id)-1][4]:
count = int(input('数量超出库存，请重新输入您要购买的产品数量：'))
# 将所购买的商品加入购物车
if product_id not in [item[0] for item in products_cart]:
products_cart.append([product_id,count])
else:
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
if products_cart[i][0] == product_id:
products_cart[i][1]+=count
# 更新商品列表
for i in range(len(products)):
if products[i][0] == product_id:
products[i][4] -= count
else:
print('购物车信息如下：')
print('{:*^48}'.format('*'))
print('{:10}'.format('编号'), '{:10}'.format('购买数量'))
print('{:-^50}'.format('-'))
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
print('{:10}'.format(products_cart[i][0]), '{:6}'.format(products_cart[i][1]))
print('{:-^50}'.format('-'))
option = input('操作成功!请选择你的操作:1-查看商品;2-购物;3-查看购物车;其他-结账')
# 计算金额
if len(products_cart) > 0:
amount = 0
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
product_index = 0
for j in range(len(products)):
if products[j][0] == products_cart[i][0]:
product_index = j
break
price = products[product_index][3]
count = products_cart[i][1]
amount += price*count
if 5000 < amount <= 10000:
amount = amount * 0.95
elif 10000 < amount <= 20000:
amount = amount * 0.90
elif amount > 20000:
amount = amount*0.85
else:
amount = amount*1
print('购买成功，您需要支付%8.2f元' % amount)
# 退出系统
print('谢谢您的光临，下次再见！')
实验任务8
task8-1
'''
家用电器销售系统
v1.4
'''
# 欢迎信息
print('欢迎使用家用电器销售系统！')
# 商品数据初始化
products=[
{'id':'0001','name':'电视机','brand':'海尔','price':5999.00,'count':20},
{'id':'0002','name':'冰箱','brand':'西门子','price':6998.00,'count':15},
{'id':'0003','name':'洗衣机','brand':'小天鹅','price':1999.00,'count':10},
{'id':'0004','name':'空调','brand':'格力','price':3900.00,'count':0},
{'id':'0005','name':'热水器','brand':'格力','price':688.00,'count':30},
{'id':'0006','name':'笔记本','brand':'联想','price':5699.00,'count':10},
{'id':'0007','name':'微波炉','brand':'苏泊尔','price':580.00,'count':33},
{'id':'0008','name':'投影仪','brand':'松下','price':1250.00,'count':12},
{'id':'0009','name':'吸尘器','brand':'飞利浦','price':999.00,'count':9},
]
# 初始化用户购物车
products_cart = []
option = input('请选择您的操作:1-查看商品;2-购物;3-查看购物车;其他-结账')
while option in ['1', '2', '3']:
if option == '1':
# 产品信息列表
print('产品和价格信息如下：')
print(f'{"":*>48s}')
print(f'{"编号":10s}{"名称":10s}{"品牌":10s}{"价格":10s}{"库存数量":10s}')
print(f'{"":->50s}')
for i in range(len(products)):
print('{:10}'.format(products[i]['id']),'{:10}'.format(products[i]['name']),'{:10}'.format(products[i]['brand']),'{:10}'.format(products[i]['price']))
print(f'{"":->50s}')
elif option == '2':
product_id = input('请输入您要购买的商品编号：')
while product_id not in [item['id'] for item in products]:
product_id = input('编号不存在，请重新输入您要购买的产品编号：')
count = int(input('请输入您要购买的产品数量：'))
while count > products[int(product_id)-1]['count']:
count = int(input('数量超出库存，请重新输入您要购买的产品数量：'))
# 将所购买的产品加入购物车
if product_id not in [item['id'] for item in products_cart]:
products_cart.append({'id':product_id,'count':count})
else:
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
if products_cart[i].get('id') == product_id:
products_cart[i]['count'] += count
# 更新商品列表
for i in range(len(products)):
if products[i]['id'] == product_id:
products[i]['count'] -= count
else:
print('购物车信息如下')
print(f'{"":*>48s}')
print(f'{"编号":10s}{"购买数量":10s}')
print(f'{"":->50s}')
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
print('{:10}'.format(products_cart[i]['id']),'{:6}'.format(products_cart[i]['count']))
print(f'{"":->50s}')
option=input('操作成功!请选择您的操作:1-查看商品;2-购物;3-查看购物车;其他-结账')
# 计算金额
if len(products_cart)>0:
amount=0
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
product_index = 0
for j in range(len(products)):
if products[j]['id'] == products_cart[i]['id']:
product_index = j
break
price = products[product_index]['price']
count = products_cart[i]['count']
amount += price*count
if 5000 < amount <= 10000:
amount = amount*0.95
elif 10000 < amount < 20000:
amount = amount*0.90
elif amount > 20000:
amount = amount*0.85
else:
amount = amount*1
print('购买成功,您需要支付%8.2f'%amount)
# 退出系统
print('谢谢您的光临,下次再见!')
task8-2
'''
家用电器销售系统
v1.4
'''
# 欢迎信息
print('欢迎使用家用电器销售系统！')
# 商品数据初始化
products=[
{'id':'0001','name':'电视机','brand':'海尔','price':5999.00,'count':20},
{'id':'0002','name':'冰箱','brand':'西门子','price':6998.00,'count':15},
{'id':'0003','name':'洗衣机','brand':'小天鹅','price':1999.00,'count':10},
{'id':'0004','name':'空调','brand':'格力','price':3900.00,'count':0},
{'id':'0005','name':'热水器','brand':'格力','price':688.00,'count':30},
{'id':'0006','name':'笔记本','brand':'联想','price':5699.00,'count':10},
{'id':'0007','name':'微波炉','brand':'苏泊尔','price':580.00,'count':33},
{'id':'0008','name':'投影仪','brand':'松下','price':1250.00,'count':12},
{'id':'0009','name':'吸尘器','brand':'飞利浦','price':999.00,'count':9},
]
# 初始化用户购物车
products_cart = []
option = input('请选择您的操作:1-查看商品;2-购物;3-查看购物车;其他-结账')
while option in ['1', '2', '3']:
if option == '1':
# 产品信息列表
print('产品和价格信息如下：')
print(f'{"":*>48s}')
print(f'{"编号":10s}{"名称":10s}{"品牌":10s}{"价格":10s}{"库存数量":10s}')
print(f'{"":->50s}')
for i in range(len(products)):
print('{:10}'.format(products[i]['id']),'{:10}'.format(products[i]['name']),'{:10}'.format(products[i]['brand']),'{:10}'.format(products[i]['price']))
print(f'{"":->50s}')
elif option == '2':
product_id = input('请输入您要购买的商品编号:')
while product_id not in [item['id'] for item in products]:
product_id = input('编号不存在，请重新输入您要购买的产品编号:')
count = int(input('请输入您要购买的产品数量：'))
while count > products[int(product_id)-1]['count']:
count = int(input('数量超出库存，请重新输入您要购买的产品数量:'))
# 将所购买的产品加入购物车
if product_id not in [item['id'] for item in products_cart]:
products_cart.append({'id':product_id,'count':count})
else:
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
if products_cart[i].get('id') == product_id:
products_cart[i]['count'] += count
# 更新商品列表
for i in range(len(products)):
if products[i]['id'] == product_id:
products[i]['count'] -= count
else:
print('购物车信息如下')
print(f'{"":*>48s}')
print(f'{"编号":10s}{"购买数量":10s}')
print(f'{"":->50s}')
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
print('{:10}'.format(products_cart[i]['id']),'{:6}'.format(products_cart[i]['count']))
print(f'{"":->50s}')
option=input('操作成功!请选择您的操作:1-查看商品;2-购物;3-查看购物车;其他-结账')
# 计算金额
if len(products_cart)>0:
amount=0
for i in range(len(products_cart)):
product_index = 0
for j in range(len(products)):
if products[j]['id'] == products_cart[i]['id']:
product_index = j
break
price = products[product_index]['price']
count = products_cart[i]['count']
amount += price*count
if 5000 < amount <= 10000:
amount = amount*0.95
elif 10000 < amount < 20000:
amount = amount*0.90
elif amount > 20000:
amount = amount*0.85
else:
amount = amount*1
print('购买成功，您需要支付%8.2f'%amount)
# 退出系统
print('谢谢您的光临，下次再见！')
