IOS进阶之WKWebView
前言
Xcode8发布以后,编译器开始不支持IOS7,所以很多应用在适配IOS10之后都不在适配IOS7了,其中包括了很多大公司,网易新闻,滴滴出行等。因此,我们公司的应用也打算淘汰IOS7。
支持到IOS8,第一个要改的自然是用WKWebView
替换原来的UIWebView
。WKWebView有很多明显优势:
-
更多的支持HTML5的特性
-
官方宣称的高达60fps的滚动刷新率以及内置手势
-
将UIWebViewDelegate与UIWebView拆分成了14类与3个协议,以前很多不方便实现的功能得以实现。文档
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Safari相同的JavaScript引擎
-
占用更少的内存
UIWebView
WKWebView
基本使用方法
WKWebView有两个delegate,WKUIDelegate 和 WKNavigationDelegate。WKNavigationDelegate主要处理一些跳转、加载处理操作,WKUIDelegate主要处理JS脚本,确认框,警告框等。因此WKNavigationDelegate更加常用。
1、WKWebView的初始化
1 - (void)viewDidLoad 2 { 3 [super viewDidLoad]; 4 webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.frame]; 5 [self.view addSubview:webView]; 6 webView.UIDelegate = self; 7 webView.navigationDelegate = self; 8 [webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"]]]; 9 }
1 #pragma mark - WKUIDelegate 2 // 创建一个新的WebView 3 - (WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures{ 4 return [[WKWebView alloc]init]; 5 } 6 7 // 输入框 8 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(nullable NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * __nullable result))completionHandler{ 9 completionHandler(@"http"); 10 } 11 12 // 确认框 13 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL result))completionHandler{ 14 completionHandler(YES); 15 } 16 17 // 警告框 18 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler{ 19 NSLog(@"%@",message); 20 completionHandler(); 21 }
1 #pragma mark - WKNavigationDelegate 2 // 页面开始加载时调用 3 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{ 4 5 } 6 7 // 当内容开始返回时调用 8 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{ 9 10 } 11 12 // 页面加载完成之后调用 13 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{ 14 15 } 16 17 // 页面加载失败时调用 18 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{ 19 20 } 21 22 // 接收到服务器跳转请求之后调用 23 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{ 24 25 } 26 27 // 在收到响应后,决定是否跳转 28 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{ 29 NSLog(@"%@",navigationResponse.response.URL.absoluteString); 30 //允许跳转 31 decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow); 32 //不允许跳转 33 //decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyCancel); 34 } 35 36 // 在发送请求之前,决定是否跳转 37 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler{ 38 NSLog(@"%@",navigationAction.request.URL.absoluteString); 39 //允许跳转 40 decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow); 41 //不允许跳转 42 //decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel); 43 }
OC与JS交互
WKWebview提供了API实现js交互 不需要借助JavaScriptCore或者webJavaScriptBridge。使用WKUserContentController实现js native交互。简单的说就是先注册约定好的方法,然后再调用。
1、JS调用OC方法
1 @interface ViewController ()<WKUIDelegate,WKNavigationDelegate,WKScriptMessageHandler>{ 2 WKWebView * webView; 3 WKUserContentController* userContentController; 4 } 5 @end 6 @implementation ViewController 7 8 - (void)viewDidLoad { 9 [super viewDidLoad]; 10 //配置环境 11 WKWebViewConfiguration * configuration = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init]; 12 userContentController =[[WKUserContentController alloc]init]; 13 configuration.userContentController = userContentController; 14 webView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.frame configuration:configuration]; 15 //注册方法 16 [userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"sayhello"];//注册一个name为sayhello的js方法 17 18 [self.view addSubview:webView]; 19 webView.UIDelegate = self; 20 webView.navigationDelegate = self; 21 [webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"]]]; 22 } 23 - (void)dealloc{ 24 //这里需要注意,前面增加过的方法一定要remove掉。 25 [userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"sayhello"]; 26 } 27 #pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler 28 - (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{ 29 NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo); 30 } 31 @end
2、WKDelegateController.h代码:
1 #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 2 #import <WebKit/WebKit.h> 3 @protocol WKDelegate <NSObject> 4 5 - (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message; 6 7 @end 8 9 @interface WKDelegateController : UIViewController <WKScriptMessageHandler> 10 11 @property (weak , nonatomic) id<WKDelegate> delegate; 12 @end
3、WKDelegateController.m代码:
1 #import "WKDelegateController.h" 2 3 @interface WKDelegateController () 4 5 @end 6 7 @implementation WKDelegateController 8 9 - (void)viewDidLoad { 10 [super viewDidLoad]; 11 } 12 13 - (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{ 14 if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(userContentController:didReceiveScriptMessage:)]) { 15 [self.delegate userContentController:userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:message]; 16 } 17 } 18 19 20 @end
1 <html> 2 <head> 3 <script> 4 function say() 5 { 6 //前端需要用 window.webkit.messageHandlers.注册的方法名.postMessage({body:传输的数据} 来给native发送消息 7 window.webkit.messageHandlers.sayhello.postMessage({body: 'hello world!'}); 8 } 9 </script> 10 </head> 11 <body> 12 <h1>hello world</h1> 13 <button onclick="say()">say hello</button> 14 </body> 15 16 </html>
注意点
1、addScriptMessageHandler
要和removeScriptMessageHandlerForName
配套出现,否则会造成内存泄漏。
2、h5只能传一个参数,如果需要多个参数就需要用字典或者json组装。
OC调用JS方法
1 - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)tmpWebView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{ 2 3 //say()是JS方法名,completionHandler是异步回调block 4 [webView evaluateJavaScript:@"say()" completionHandler:^(id _Nullable result, NSError * _Nullable error) { 5 NSLog(@"%@",result); 6 }]; 7 8 }
WebViewJavascriptBridge
一般来说,一个好的UI总有一个大神会开发出一个好的第三方封装框架。WebViewJavascriptBridge的作者也做了一套支持WKWebView与JS交互的第三方框架:WKWebViewJavascriptBridge。
cocoaPods: pod 'WebViewJavascriptBridge', '~> 5.0.5'
github地址:https://github.com/marcuswestin/WebViewJavascriptBridge
主要方法:
1 //初始化方法 2 + (instancetype)bridgeForWebView:(WKWebView*)webView; 3 4 + (void)enableLogging; 5 6 //注册函数名 7 - (void)registerHandler:(NSString*)handlerName handler:(WVJBHandler)handler; 8 9 //调用函数名 10 - (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName; 11 - (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName data:(id)data; 12 - (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName data:(id)data responseCallback:(WVJBResponseCallback)responseCallback; 13 14 //重置 15 - (void)reset; 16 17 //设置WKNavigationDelegate 18 - (void)setWebViewDelegate:(id<WKNavigationDelegate>)webViewDelegate;
基本的实现方法和上面写的差不多,就是封装了一下,有兴趣的童鞋可以自己pod下来使用。