关于双独立时钟fifo的一些细节探讨
最近遇到一个项目,就是接收数据转换成本地数据。两个时钟是频率是基本一样,但是存在5%偏差,而且存在相位差。
这是基本需求。一般转换的办法就是fifo写入有效数据,然后用empty读取出来。但是发现有个问题。就是如果两个帧之间间隔太短了,会导致读取的时候,两帧的数据会连续成一帧数据。解决办法就是把写使能也要加入到fifo中,把前后使能无效+数据,也是写入到fifo,恢复的时候再恢复到有效数据。
wire wrfifo_wren;
assign wrfifo_wren = serdes_en_d2 | serdes_en;
wire[32:0] wrfifo_wrdata;
assign wrfifo_wrdata = { serdes_en_d0,rx_data_lock_d0};
二个关于频率偏差问题,很多人都是内部count 来判断,好在xilinx由prog-empty,可以编程的empty,选择两个状态。这样在拉低信号,判断fifo是否写入数据,再读取。
.prog_empty(fifo_almost_empty)
);
reg fifo_almost_empty_d0;
reg fifo_almost_empty_d1;
reg fifo_almost_empty_d2;
reg fifo_almost_empty_d3;
reg fifo_almost_empty_d4;
always @(posedge ref_clk)
begin
fifo_almost_empty_d0 <= fifo_almost_empty;
fifo_almost_empty_d1 <= fifo_almost_empty_d0;
fifo_almost_empty_d2 <= fifo_almost_empty_d1;
fifo_almost_empty_d3 <= fifo_almost_empty_d2;
fifo_almost_empty_d4 <= fifo_almost_empty_d3;
end
reg fifo_rd_en_temp ;
always @(posedge ref_clk)
begin
if( fifo_almost_empty_d4 == 0)
fifo_rd_en_temp <= 1;
else if( fifo_empty)
fifo_rd_en_temp <= 0;
end
三个问题,fifo其中写的时钟会波动,中途可能会停掉,因为上电复位过程会停止时钟,中途也会停止时钟。很多fifo对这个时钟是没有讲解的,发现的现象竟然是full信号一直为慢的信号。empty也是空的信号,后面的数据根本写入不了。解决办法就是,直接判断full信号,复位fifo。这样稳定时钟又可以写入数据。
注意同步复位,要求是最慢的时钟的三个时钟以上有效。
wire lock_fail_rising;
assign lock_fail_rising = (( lock_fail_temp_d1 == 1'b0) & (lock_fail_temp_d0 ==1'b1));
wire fifo_full;
reg fifo_full_d0;
reg fifo_full_d1;
reg fifo_full_d2;
always @(posedge ref_clk)
begin
fifo_full_d0 <= fifo_full;
fifo_full_d1 <= fifo_full_d0;
fifo_full_d2 <= fifo_full_d1;
end
reg lock_fail_rising_d0;
reg lock_fail_rising_d1;
reg lock_fail_rising_d2;
reg lock_fail_rising_d3;
reg lock_fail_rising_d4;
reg lock_fail_rising_d5;
reg lock_fail_rising_d6;
always @(posedge ref_clk)
begin
lock_fail_rising_d0 <= lock_fail_rising| fifo_full_d2 ;
lock_fail_rising_d1 <= lock_fail_rising_d0;
lock_fail_rising_d2 <= lock_fail_rising_d1;
lock_fail_rising_d3 <= lock_fail_rising_d2;
lock_fail_rising_d4 <= lock_fail_rising_d3;
lock_fail_rising_d5 <= lock_fail_rising_d4;
lock_fail_rising_d6 <= lock_fail_rising_d5;
end
assign rd_rst = lock_fail_rising_d6 | lock_fail_rising_d0;