[转]延续性动词与终止性动词

一、延续性动词
  延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续,而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有:be,have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch等。延续性动词的用法很广,但常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for,how,long,since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。例如:
1.I have learned more than 1,000 Chinese words since I came to China.
自从来到中国,我已经学会了l,000多个汉字。
2.We have lived in Linqing since we came here.自从来到这儿,我们就一直住在临清。
3.I have kept the picture for about three years.这张画我保存了大约三年。

 

  二、终止性动词
  终止性动词又称为瞬间动词或非延续性动词,它表示的动作不能延续,也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束,并产生某种结果。常见的这类动词有:accept,arrive,become,begin,borrow,break,buy,catch,close,come,die,end,fall,finish,get,give,go,join,leave,put,reach,receive,shut,start,stop等。终止性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点:
  (一)终止性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。例如:
1.They have reached Shanghai.他们已经到达了上海。
2.Has he gone to London? 他已经到伦敦去了吗?
  (二)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以,在现在完成时中一般不能和以since,for等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例如:
1.那老人已经死了一周了。The old man has died for a week.(误)
2.他三天前就已经来这儿了。He has come here since three days ago.(误)
在以上两句中,die和come都是终止性动词,可用于现在完成时,但不能与以
since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。那么,上面两个句子应该怎样译成英语呢?请看下面四种译法:
1.把终止性动词改为延续性的动词。例如:
①The old man has been dead for a week.
②He has been here since three days ago.
2.把原句中的一段时间改为表示“过去”的时间,时态由现在完成时改变成一般过去时。例如:
①The old man died a week ago.
②He came here three days ago.
3.用“It is+时间+since…”句式。例如:
①It is/has been a week since the old man died.
②It has been/is three days since he came here.
4.用“多长时间+has passed+since…”句式。例如:
①A week has passed since the old men died.
②Three days had passed since he came here.

  (三)有关特殊终止性动词的用法。
1.在while(表示一段时间)引导的从句里,谓语动词不能使用终止性动词,但可以把while改成when,这样,从句里的谓语动词就可以使用终止性动词了。因为when既可以表示时间的“点”,又可以表示时间的“段”。例如:
While he got to America.he found his English Was very poor.(误)
When he got t0 America.he found his English was very poor.(正)
2.终止性动词的否定式与until连用时,意为“直到……才/不到什么时间不……”等。例如:
Don’t get off until the bus stops.车未停稳,切勿下车。
3.终止性动词不可以与how long引导的句式连用。例如:
How long have you borrowed the magazine?(误)
When did you borrow the magazine?(正)
How long have you kept the magazine?(正)

posted @ 2010-09-13 10:42  网络小虫  阅读(2144)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报