结构型模式 - 享元模式(共享同类对象)

享元模式 flyweight pattern

简介

主要用于减少创建对象的数量,以减少内容占用和提高性能。
尝试重用现有的同类对象,如果未找到匹配的对象,则创建新对象。

意图

运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

特点

主要解决:在有大量对象时,有可能会造成内存溢出,把其中共同的部分抽象出来,如果有相同的业务请求,直接返回在内存中已有的对象,避免重新创建。
何时使用:

  1. 系统中有大量对象;
  2. 这些对象消耗大量内存;
  3. 这些对象的状态大部分可以外部化;
  4. 这些对象可以按照内蕴状态分为很多组,当把外蕴对象从对象中剔除时,每一组对象都可以用一个对象来代替;
  5. 系统不依赖于这些对象身份,这些对象是不可分辨的;

如何解决:用唯一标识码判断,如果内存中有,则返回这个唯一标识码所标识的对象。
关键:HashMap存储
实例:

  1. Java中的String,如果有则返回,没有则创建一个,保存在字符串缓存池中;
  2. 数据库的数据池;
  3. 多线程中的线程池;
  • 优点
    大大减少对象的创建,降低系统的内存,使效率提高

  • 缺点
    提高系统的复杂性,需要分离出外部状态和内部状态,而且外部状态具有固有化的性质,不应该随内部状态的变化而变化,否则会造成系统混乱

使用场景

  1. 系统有大量相似对象;
  2. 需要缓冲池的场景

注意:

  1. 注意划分外部状态和内部状态,否则可能会引起线程安全问题;
  2. 这些类必须有一个工厂对象加以控制;

UML类图

实现代码

  1. 创建Shape接口
// Shape.java
public interface Shape {
      public void draw();
}
  1. 创建Shape接口实体类Circle
// Circle.java
public class Circle implements Shape {
      private int x, y, radius;
      private String color;
      
      public Circle(String color) {
            this.color = color;
      }
      
      @Override
      public void draw() {
            System.out.println("Shape: Circle, position = ( " + x + ", "  + y + "), radius = " + radius + ", color = " + color);
      }
      
      public void setX(int x) {
            this.x = x;
      }
      
      public void setY(int y) {
            this.y = y;
      }
      
      public void setRadius(int radius) {
            this.radius = radius;
      }
}
  1. 创建工厂ShapeFactory,基于给定信息生成实体类Circle,并持有一个HashMap管理实体类对象
// ShapeFacotry.java
public class ShapeFactory {
      private static final HashMap<String, Shape> circleMap = new  HashMap<>();
      
      public static Shape getCircle(String color) {
            Shape circle = (Circle)circleMap.get(color);
            if(null == circle) {
                  circle = new Circle(color);
                  circleMap.put(color, circle);
                  System.out.println("Creating circle of color: " +  color);
            }
            return circle;
      }
}
  1. 使用该工厂,通过传递颜色信息来获取实体类对象
// FlyWeightPatternDemo.java
public class FlyWeightPatternDemo {
      private static final String colors[] = {"Red", "Green", "White",  "Black"};
      
      public static void main(String[] args) {
            ShapeFactory factory = new ShapeFactory();
            
            for(int i = 0; i < 20; i ++) {
                  Circle circle =  (Circle)factory.getCircle(getRandomColor());
                  circle.setX(getRandomX());
                  circle.setY(getRandomY());
                  circle.setRadius(100);
                  circle.draw();
            }
      }
      
      private static String getRandomColor() {
            return colors[(int)(Math.random() * colors.length)];
      }
      
      private static int getRandomX() {
            return (int)(Math.random() * 100);
      }
      
      private static int getRandomY() {
            return (int)(Math.random() * 100);
      }
}

运行结果

Creating circle of color: Black
Shape: Circle, position = ( 51, 20), radius = 100, color = Black
Creating circle of color: Red
Shape: Circle, position = ( 91, 81), radius = 100, color = Red
Creating circle of color: White
Shape: Circle, position = ( 37, 31), radius = 100, color = White
Shape: Circle, position = ( 52, 18), radius = 100, color = White
Shape: Circle, position = ( 1, 78), radius = 100, color = Black
Shape: Circle, position = ( 36, 54), radius = 100, color = Red
Shape: Circle, position = ( 22, 30), radius = 100, color = White
Shape: Circle, position = ( 65, 19), radius = 100, color = White
Shape: Circle, position = ( 12, 74), radius = 100, color = Red
Creating circle of color: Green
Shape: Circle, position = ( 69, 91), radius = 100, color = Green
Shape: Circle, position = ( 82, 3), radius = 100, color = Green
Shape: Circle, position = ( 49, 64), radius = 100, color = Red
Shape: Circle, position = ( 29, 66), radius = 100, color = Green
Shape: Circle, position = ( 3, 33), radius = 100, color = Red
Shape: Circle, position = ( 84, 10), radius = 100, color = White
Shape: Circle, position = ( 46, 26), radius = 100, color = White
Shape: Circle, position = ( 61, 8), radius = 100, color = Red
Shape: Circle, position = ( 60, 35), radius = 100, color = White
Shape: Circle, position = ( 13, 40), radius = 100, color = Green
Shape: Circle, position = ( 85, 84), radius = 100, color = Red
posted @ 2021-01-12 15:50  明明1109  阅读(98)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报