Hive学习小记-(12)横表与纵表的互相转换***
需求说明:这是一个横表转纵表与纵表转横表的故事,有点类似行列转换 行转列:一个字段的多行数据合进一个列,通常可用collect_set+concat_ws;列转行:一个字段的一列数据拆到多个行,通常用explode
横表转纵表:
1.原横表数据: cust_id1,jijin_bal,baoxian_bal,cunkuan_bal 转成纵表目标数据: cust_id1,基金,bal cust_id1,保险,bal cust_id1,存款,bal
方法:concat_ws+lateral view explode +split --算是列转行??其实是相当于把横表变成纵表 参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/foolangirl/p/14145147.html
纵表转横表
2.原纵表数据: cust_id1,基金,bal cust_id1,保险,bal cust_id1,存款,bal 转成目标横表数据: cust_id1,jijin_bal,baoxian_bal,cunkuan_bal
方法一:case when
方法二:先转map:cust1,基金:bal,保险:bal,存款:bal ;再inline
转map参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/02c2b8906893
explode inline参考:https://blog.csdn.net/huobumingbai1234/article/details/80559944) !!!注意explode和inline的map类型
import pyspark from pyspark.sql import SparkSession sc=SparkSession.builder.master("local")\ .appName('hive_col_row')\ .config('spark.executor.memory','2g')\ .config('spark.driver.memory','2g')\ .enableHiveSupport()\ .getOrCreate()
sc.sql(''' create table test_youhua.zongbiao(id int,prod_nm string,bal float) ''') sc.sql(''' insert overwrite table test_youhua.zongbiao values(1,'jijin',1.1),(1,'baoxian',1.2),(1,'cunkuan',1.3),(2,'jijin',2.67),(2,'baoxian',2.34),(2,'cunkuan',2.1) ''') sc.sql(''' select * from test_youhua.zongbiao ''').show()
+---+-------+----+ | id|prod_nm| bal| +---+-------+----+ | 1| jijin| 1.1| | 1|baoxian| 1.2| | 1|cunkuan| 1.3| | 2| jijin|2.67| | 2|baoxian|2.34| | 2|cunkuan| 2.1| +---+-------+----+
方法一:case when纵表转横表
sc.sql(''' select id ,max(case when prod_nm='jijin' then bal else 0 end) as jijin_bal ,max(case when prod_nm='baoxian' then bal else 0 end) as baoxian_bal ,max(case when prod_nm='cunkuan' then bal else 0 end) as cunkuan_bal from test_youhua.zongbiao group by id ''').show()
+---+---------+-----------+-----------+ | id|jijin_bal|baoxian_bal|cunkuan_bal| +---+---------+-----------+-----------+ | 1| 1.1| 1.2| 1.3| | 2| 2.67| 2.34| 2.1| +---+---------+-----------+-----------+
方法二:先转map:cust1,基金:bal,保险:bal,存款:bal ;再inline
转map参考:https://blog.csdn.net/huobumingbai1234/article/details/80559944
inline参考:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42003671/article/details/88132666
inline不支持map:https://www.jianshu.com/p/02c2b8906893
lateral view inline与 lateral view explode功能类似
!!!注意explode和inline的map类型
sc.sql(''' select id ,str_to_map(concat_ws(',',collect_set(concat_ws(':',prod_nm,cast(bal as string))))) from test_youhua.zongbiao group by id ''').show()
运行结果,已经转换成了map格式: 1 {"jijin":"1.1","baoxian":"1.2","cunkuan":"1.3"} 2 {"jijin":"2.67","baoxian":"2.34","cunkuan":"2.1"}
# 这个不行啊,首先inline作用于struct这里map操作不了,explode和inline都是列转行函数,都是将map字段打散开的,相当于把map又做成纵表了
sc.sql(''' select map_tmp_tbl.id,c1,c2 from ( select id ,str_to_map(concat_ws(',',collect_set(concat_ws(':',prod_nm,cast(bal as string))))) as map_col from test_youhua.zongbiao group by id ) as map_tmp_tbl lateral view explode(map_tmp_tbl.map_col) t1 as c1,c2 ''').show()
+---+-------+----+ | id| c1| c2| +---+-------+----+ | 1| jijin| 1.1| | 1|cunkuan| 1.3| | 1|baoxian| 1.2| | 2|cunkuan| 2.1| | 2|baoxian|2.34| | 2| jijin|2.67| +---+-------+----+
直接select map_col不就OK了??转成横表成功!!
sc.sql(''' select map_tmp_tbl.id ,map_col['jijin'] as jijin_bal ,map_col['baoxian'] as baoxian_bal ,map_col['cunkuan'] as cunkuan_bal from ( select id ,str_to_map(concat_ws(',',collect_set(concat_ws(':',prod_nm,cast(bal as string))))) as map_col from test_youhua.zongbiao group by id ) as map_tmp_tbl ''').show()
+---+---------+-----------+-----------+ | id|jijin_bal|baoxian_bal|cunkuan_bal| +---+---------+-----------+-----------+ | 1| 1.1| 1.2| 1.3| | 2| 2.67| 2.34| 2.1| +---+---------+-----------+-----------+
原来最好存map类型是这个意思,后面想转横表区直接取map的key对应的value可以转横表,想转纵表可以用explode转纵表 eg: 这里的map_tmp_tbl就是存成了map类型,可以看出由explode可以转纵表,直接取map对应key的value值可以转横表
tips
前面转map用了: str_to_map(concat_ws(',',collect_set(concat_ws(':',prod_nm,cast(bal as string))))) 这里需要注意:collect_ws 这个函数会对元素数组去重,如果不去重用 collect_list 这个函数 str_to_map 函数也会去重,如果传入的键值对有重复,只保留一个。如果还是要传入重复的键值对,可以用下面的函数: regexp_replace(concat('{"',cast( concat_ws(',',collect_list(concat_ws(':',prod_nm,cast(bal as string)))) as string),'"}'),',','","') as map_col
sc.sql(''' select id ,regexp_replace(regexp_replace(concat('{"',concat_ws(',',collect_list(concat_ws(':',prod_nm,cast(bal as string)))),'"}'),',','","'),':','":"') as map_col from test_youhua.zongbiao group by id ''').show()
-- 跑出来的结果,但是这时候不是map格式,要用json串的形式来读: 1 {"jijin":"1.1","baoxian":"1.2","cunkuan":"1.3"} 2 {"jijin":"2.67","baoxian":"2.34","cunkuan":"2.1"}
sc.sql(''' select map_tmp_tbl.id ,get_json_object(map_col,'$.jijin') ,get_json_object(map_col,'$.baoxian') ,get_json_object(map_col,'$.cunkuan') from ( select id ,regexp_replace(regexp_replace(concat('{"',concat_ws(',',collect_list(concat_ws(':',prod_nm,cast(bal as string)))),'"}'),',','","'),':','":"') as map_col from test_youhua.zongbiao group by id ) as map_tmp_tbl ''').show()
+---+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | id|get_json_object(map_col, $.jijin)|get_json_object(map_col, $.baoxian)|get_json_object(map_col, $.cunkuan)| +---+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1| 1.1| 1.2| 1.3| | 2| 2.67| 2.34| 2.1| +---+---------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
通过解析json串的形式也可以!
参考:Hive学习小记-(5)表字段变动频繁时用json格式
那其实提前存成map格式的好处是比较多的,一是加字段方便,而是横表纵表转换方便。