ssh-key生成密钥及SSH无密码登录的配置
文章作者:foochane
原文链接:https://foochane.cn/article/2019061601.html
1 ssh-keygen命令
ssh-keygen
命令说明:
- -t :指定加密类型(如:rea,dsa)
- -C : 指定注释,用于识别这个密钥
其他参数具体可以查看帮助
$ ssh-keygen help
Too many arguments.
usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-b bits] [-t dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa]
[-N new_passphrase] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -p [-P old_passphrase] [-N new_passphrase] [-f keyfile]
ssh-keygen -i [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -e [-m key_format] [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -c [-P passphrase] [-C comment] [-f keyfile]
ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -F hostname [-f known_hosts_file] [-l]
ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]
ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]
ssh-keygen -r hostname [-f input_keyfile] [-g]
ssh-keygen -G output_file [-v] [-b bits] [-M memory] [-S start_point]
ssh-keygen -T output_file -f input_file [-v] [-a rounds] [-J num_lines]
[-j start_line] [-K checkpt] [-W generator]
ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I certificate_identity [-h] [-U]
[-D pkcs11_provider] [-n principals] [-O option]
[-V validity_interval] [-z serial_number] file ...
ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]
ssh-keygen -A
ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]
file ...
ssh-keygen -Q -f krl_file file ...
实际情况中也用不到那么多参数,指定加密类型和注释即可。
例如:
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "myname@163.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\fucheng/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in C:\Users\fucheng/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in C:\Users\fucheng/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:9OlHGn5uIlELfGIYXdWectiEV5XS2quWpD1qpd2QJC8 myname@163.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| . ....o..=|
| . . ..+o |
| +. *+. |
| ..=.oooo=. |
| .S=+.=o. .|
| .o.E * . |
| .+ @ = |
| . .B.B . |
| ..++ . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
一般情况下不需要输入密码,直接回车即可。
执行完ssh-keygen
之后会在,用户目录下的.ssh
文件下,生成一个id_rsa
文件和id_rsa.pub
文件。
id_rsa
文件是私钥,要保存好,放在本地,私钥可以生产公钥,反之不行。id_rsa.pub
文件是公钥,可以用于发送到其他服务器,或者git上。
2 ssh设置无密码登录服务器
将之前在本地生成的公钥id_rsa.pub
,发送到需要无密码登录的服务器,然后将id_rsa.pub
的内容追加到服务器的~/.ssh/authorized_keys
文件中即可。
如果没有.ssh目录,创建一个就好,或者执行ssh localhost
登录本地,ssh会自动创建。
可以使用如下命令进行操作:
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
另外如果想要无密码登录本地localhost,那么在本地执行上面的命令即可,执行之后再 ssh localhost
就不需要输入密码了。
3 设置ssh无密码访问git仓库
注意这里访问的主要是私有仓库。
以github
为例,找到个人主页,点击[settings]
,找到[SSH and GPG keys]
,新建SSH keys
,将本地id_rsa.pub
的内容复制到key
里面,tittle
可以随便填写,这样就配置好了。
找到要访问的仓库主页,点击Clone or Download
将use Http
换成use SSH
,然后就会显示对应的仓库地址如:git@github.com:uername/xxxxx.git
使用该地址就可以在本地进行无密码访问仓库了。