跨域之jsonp

我们都知道使用<script>标签可以引入外部的JS文件,即使这个JS文件来自于其他的网站,比如我们引用存放在网络服务器上的jQuery框架。在这个过程中,我们已经实现跨域访问。像<script>标签这种本身具有跨域访问能力的标签还有<link>、<img>、<iframe>等。jsonp的实现原理就是利用<script>标签,实现了跨域访问。

先看一个例子:

先创建一个html文件,代码如下:

1 <body>
2    <p>名字:<span id="name"></span></p>
3 <script>
4   function test(obj) {
5    document.getElementById("name").innerHTML = obj.name;
6   }
7 </script>
8 </body>

此时在浏览器打开这个文件,页面中只有“名字:”这三个字符。

现在创建一个JS文件,test.js,其中的代码如下:

1 var person = {
2     name: "Jack",
3     age: 20
4 }
5 test(person);

通过<script>标签在html文件中引入这个test.js文件(添加到body结束标签之前):

1 <script src="test.js"></script>

再在浏览器中打开html文件就会看到:

如果把这个test.js放在百度的服务器上,在淘宝的页面上有一个test函数声明,然后动态地创建一个<script>标签来引用这个test.js,那么在淘宝的页面上就可以显示来自百度的服务器的数据,这就是jsonp的原理。当然引用的不一定非要是js文件,也可以是php、.net等文件,只要在这些文件中事先写好相应的代码即可。

下面用聚合数据的天气预报接口和新浪的城市查询接口为例来介绍jsonp。

首先是新浪的城市查询接口。

新浪的城市查询接口是:

http://int.dpool.sina.com.cn/iplookup/iplookup.php?format=js

可以直接在浏览器中打开,发现是一个名为remote_ip_info的Javascript对象,

var remote_ip_info = {
    "ret":1,
    "start":-1,
    "end":-1,
    "country":"\u4e2d\u56fd",
    "province":"\u6cb3\u5357",
    "city":"\u8bb8\u660c",
    "district":"",
    "isp":"",
    "type":"",
    "desc":""
};

那么在本地的测试页面中可以使用这个接口获取所在的城市,代码如下:

 1 //获取当前城市
 2     function getCity(url) {
 3       var city = '';
 4       //创建一个script标签
 5       var script = document.createElement("script");
 6       //设置script标签引用的url
 7       script.setAttribute("src",url);
 8       //将script标签添加到头部,也可以添加到其他地方
 9       var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
10       head.appendChild(script);
11       //如果script标签加载完成,获取城市
12       script.onload = function() {//script.onload不兼容IE8及以下版本
13          city = remote_ip_info["city"];
14          console.log(city);
15       };
16 
17       //移除创建的script标签
18       head.removeChild(script);
19     }
20 
21     //该URL是新浪的获取当前城市的API,采用jasop方法获取数据
22     getCity("http://int.dpool.sina.com.cn/iplookup/iplookup.php?format=js");

下面是聚合数据的天气预报接口。

接口示例:http://op.juhe.cn/onebox/weather/query?cityname=%E6%B8%A9%E5%B7%9E&key=您申请的KEY

使用这个接口时至少要传入三个参数:

  1. cityname是要查询的城市名,可以用前面新浪的城市查询接口得到的数据。
  2. key是申请使用聚合数据天气预报接口时,给的APPKey。
  3. 另外还有一个callback参数,传入一个函数名,服务器会把查询后得到的数据拼接成函数调用的形式返回来,比如传入test函数名,则返回来test({"date":"2011-11-11","wind":"微风"}),所以要在测试页面声明好这个函数,以便对返回来的数据进行处理。

下面是代码:

html代码,将获得数据在页面中显示出来

1 <p id="chuanyi"></p>
2 <p id="yundong"></p>
3 <p id="ziwaixian"></p>

获得天气情况数据的代码,原理与获取当前城市的原理一样,不同的是要事先指定回调函数,并将函数名加到url的末尾。

 1 function $(id) {
 2       return document.getElementById(id);
 3 }
 4 
 5 //指定回调函数
 6     function callback(data) {
 7      $("chuanyi").innerHTML = "穿衣指数:" + data.result.data.life.info.chuanyi;
 8      $("yundong").innerHTML = "运动指数:" + data.result.data.life.info.yundong;
 9      $("ziwaixian").innerHTML = "紫外线:" + data.result.data.life.info.ziwaixian;
10     }
11 
12     function getWeather(city) {
13       var url = 'http://op.juhe.cn/onebox/weather/query?cityname='+encodeURIComponent(city)+'&key=abbac0fc4fccbec34891de77bb1cfb4e&callback=callback';//该URL是聚合数据的天气预报API,采用jasop方法获取数据
14       console.log(encodeURIComponent(city));
15       var script = document.createElement("script");
16       script.setAttribute("src",url);
17       var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
18       head.appendChild(script);
19       head.removeChild(script);
20     } 

有了以上代码,还不能获取到天气数据,因为getWeather()函数还没有调用。为了能将获取到的城市数据传给getWeather()函数,要在getCity()函数内部script的onload事件处理程序中调用getWeather()函数。

下面是调用getWeather函数返回的数据,一大串:

  1 callback({
  2     "reason":"successed!",
  3     "result":{
  4         "data":{
  5             "pubdate":"2016-11-11",
  6             "pubtime":"11:00:00",
  7             "realtime":{
  8                 "city_code":"101180401",
  9                 "city_name":"许昌",
 10                 "date":"2016-11-11",
 11                 "time":"16:00:00",
 12                 "week":5,
 13                 "moon":"十月十二",
 14                 "dataUptime":1478853365,
 15                 "weather":{
 16                     "temperature":"15",
 17                     "humidity":"64",
 18                     "info":"多云",
 19                     "img":"1"
 20                 },
 21                 "wind":{
 22                     "direct":"南风",
 23                     "power":"3级",
 24                     "offset":null,
 25                     "windspeed":null
 26                 }
 27             },
 28             "life":{
 29                 "date":"2016-11-11",
 30                 "info":{
 31                     "chuanyi":["较冷","建议着厚外套加毛衣等服装。年老体弱者宜着大衣、呢外套加羊毛衫。"],
 32                     "ganmao":["较易发","天凉,昼夜温差较大,较易发生感冒,请适当增减衣服,体质较弱的朋友请注意适当防护。"],
 33                     "kongtiao":["较少开启","您将感到很舒适,一般不需要开启空调。"],
 34                     "xiche":["较适宜","较适宜洗车,未来一天无雨,风力较小,擦洗一新的汽车至少能保持一天。"],
 35                     "yundong":["较适宜","天气较好,但考虑气温较低,推荐您进行室内运动,若户外适当增减衣物并注意防晒。"],
 36                     "ziwaixian":["弱","紫外线强度较弱,建议出门前涂擦SPF在12-15之间、PA+的防晒护肤品。"]
 37                 }
 38             },
 39             "weather":[
 40                 {
 41                     "date":"2016-11-11",
 42                     "info":{
 43                         "day":["1","多云","17","","微风","06:53"],
 44                         "night":["0","晴","7","","微风","17:23"]
 45                     },
 46                     "week":"五",
 47                     "nongli":"十月十二"
 48                 },
 49                 {
 50                     "date":"2016-11-12",
 51                     "info":{
 52                         "dawn":["0","晴","7","无持续风向","微风","17:23"],
 53                         "day":["0","晴","17","","微风","06:54"],
 54                         "night":["1","多云","8","","微风","17:23"]
 55                     },
 56                     "week":"六",
 57                     "nongli":"十月十三"
 58                 },
 59                 {
 60                     "date":"2016-11-13",
 61                     "info":{
 62                         "dawn":["1","多云","8","无持续风向","微风","17:23"],
 63                         "day":["1","多云","17","","微风","06:55"],
 64                         "night":["0","晴","9","","微风","17:22"]
 65                     },
 66                     "week":"日",
 67                     "nongli":"十月十四"
 68                 },
 69                 {
 70                     "date":"2016-11-14",
 71                     "info":{
 72                         "dawn":["0","晴","9","无持续风向","微风","17:22"],
 73                         "day":["1","多云","17","","微风","06:56"],
 74                         "night":["2","阴","5","","微风","17:21"]
 75                     },
 76                     "week":"一",
 77                     "nongli":"十月十五"
 78                 },
 79                 {
 80                     "date":"2016-11-15",
 81                     "info":{
 82                         "dawn":["2","阴","5","无持续风向","微风","17:21"],
 83                         "day":["1","多云","13","","微风","06:57"],
 84                         "night":["1","多云","6","","微风","17:21"]
 85                     },
 86                     "week":"二",
 87                     "nongli":"十月十六"
 88                 }
 89             ],
 90             "f3h":{
 91                 "temperature":[
 92                     {
 93                         "jg":"20161111170000",
 94                         "jb":"15"
 95                     },
 96                     {
 97                         "jg":"20161111200000",
 98                         "jb":"13"
 99                     },
100                     {
101                         "jg":"20161111230000",
102                         "jb":"10"
103                     },
104                     {
105                         "jg":"20161112020000",
106                         "jb":"10"
107                     },
108                     {
109                         "jg":"20161112050000",
110                         "jb":"8"
111                     },
112                     {
113                         "jg":"20161112080000",
114                         "jb":"7"
115                     },
116                     {
117                         "jg":"20161112110000",
118                         "jb":"14"
119                     },
120                     {
121                         "jg":"20161112140000",
122                         "jb":"16"
123                     },
124                     {
125                         "jg":"20161112170000",
126                         "jb":"14"
127                     }
128                 ],
129                 "precipitation":[
130                     {"jg":"20161111170000","jf":"0"},
131                     {"jg":"20161111200000","jf":"0"},
132                     {"jg":"20161111230000","jf":"0"},
133                     {"jg":"20161112020000","jf":"0"},
134                     {"jg":"20161112050000","jf":"0"},
135                     {"jg":"20161112080000","jf":"0"},
136                     {"jg":"20161112110000","jf":"0"},
137                     {"jg":"20161112140000","jf":"0"},
138                     {"jg":"20161112170000","jf":"0"}
139                 ]
140             },
141             "pm25":{
142                 "key":"Xuchang",
143                 "show_desc":0,
144                 "pm25":{
145                     "curPm":"50",
146                     "pm25":"25",
147                     "pm10":"51",
148                     "level":1,
149                     "quality":"优",
150                     "des":"可正常活动。"
151                 },
152                 "dateTime":"2016年11月11日16时",
153                 "cityName":"许昌"
154             },
155             "jingqu":"",
156             "jingqutq":"",
157             "date":"",
158             "isForeign":"0"
159         }
160     },
161     "error_code":0
162 })
View Code

这篇文章讲解的很详细:jsonp协议原理深度解析

(完)

 

posted @ 2016-11-13 16:14  Fogwind  阅读(155)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报