02 Docker的常用命令

Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version #docker的版本信息
docker info	  #docker 的系统信息 包括镜像和容量的数量
docker --help #帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@vdevops /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库源
TAG			镜像的标签
IMAGE ID	镜像的id
CREATED		镜像的创建时间
SIZE		镜像的大小

# 可选项
  -a, --all             #列出所有的镜像
  -q, --quiet           #只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索的镜像

[root@vdevops /]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11839     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4508      [OK]

# 可选项
--filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出来的镜像就是 STARS大于3000的

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@vdevops /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest   #如果不写tag，默认就是 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
ffbb094f4f9e: Pull complete 	#分层下载，docker image 的核心，联合文件系统
df186527fc46: Pull complete 
fa362a6aa7bd: Pull complete 
5af7cb1a200e: Pull complete 
949da226cc6d: Pull complete 
bce007079ee9: Pull complete 
eab9f076e5a3: Pull complete 
8a57a7529e8d: Pull complete 
b1ccc6ed6fc7: Pull complete 
b4af75e64169: Pull complete 
3aed6a9cd681: Pull complete 
23390142f76f: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:ff9a288d1ecf4397967989b5d1ec269f7d9042a46fc8bc2c3ae35458c1a26727#签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  # 真实地址

# 等价
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest 

#指定版本下载
[root@vdevops /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
ffbb094f4f9e: Already exists 
df186527fc46: Already exists 
fa362a6aa7bd: Already exists 
5af7cb1a200e: Already exists 
949da226cc6d: Already exists 
bce007079ee9: Already exists 
eab9f076e5a3: Already exists 
c7b24c3f27af: Pull complete 
6fc26ff6705a: Pull complete 
bec5cdb5e7f7: Pull complete 
6c1cb25f7525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d1cc87a3bd5dc07defc837bc9084f748a130606ff41923f46dec1986e0dc828d
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@vdevops /]# docker rmi -f 镜像id  #指定删除镜像
[root@vdevops /]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id  镜像id   #删除多个镜像
[root@vdevops /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)  #删除全部的镜像

容器命令

我们有了镜像才可以创建镜像，下载一个 Centos 镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

run 只有哎第一次运行时使用，将镜像放到容器中，以后再次启动这个容器使用 start

docker run [可选参数]  image 命令

#参数说明
--name="Name"   容器名字
-d				后台方式运行
-it				交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-P				指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p  ip:主机端口：容器端口
	-p  主机端口：容器端口 （常用）
	-p	容器端口
	容器端口
-p				随机指定端口

#测试   启动并进入容器
[root@vdevops /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@8a5cf8307227 /]# ls   #查看容器内的centos  基本版本 命令都是不完善的
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

列出所有运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
	#列出正在运行的容器
-a  #列出正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=?  #显示最近创建的容器
-q    #只显示容器的编号

[root@vdevops /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@vdevops /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                            PORTS     NAMES
8a5cf8307227   centos         "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Exited (130) About a minute ago             bold_poincare
c5fd091866ba   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago                      epic_elion

退出容器

exit 	#直接容器停止并退出
ctrl + p + q  #容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm  容器id		#删除指定的容器  不能删除正在运行的容器，如果强制删除  rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id 	  #启动容器
docker restart 容器id	  #重启容器
docker stop	容器id	  #停止正在运行容器
docker kill 容器id	  #强制停止当前容器

常用其他的命令

后台启动容器

# docker run -d 镜像名
[root@vdevops ~]# docker run -d centos

# 问题 docker ps，发现  centos 停止了

# 常见的坑  docker  容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker 发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx 容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志命令

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志

# 显示日志
-tf			#显示日志
--tail number  #要显示的日志条数
[root@vdevops ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail f3b483d2d8a8

查看容器中的进程信息

# 命令  docker top  容器id

[root@vdevops ~]# docker top f3b483d2d8a8
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                719298              719280              0                   15:27               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@vdevops ~]# docker inspect f3b483d2d8a8
[
    {
        "Id": "f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1",
        "Created": "2021-12-20T07:27:36.884554532Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 719298,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-12-20T07:27:37.229298563Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1-json.log",
        "Name": "/heuristic_chatterjee",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f9b4e32717087a420bbee16324d5753963f65f048b768647043003382eac2e4-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/22028d514ad5f4d274e5fdc5d0f3dd8f9ff57e5947fd9f78c0b3454c73bad918/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f9b4e32717087a420bbee16324d5753963f65f048b768647043003382eac2e4/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f9b4e32717087a420bbee16324d5753963f65f048b768647043003382eac2e4/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f9b4e32717087a420bbee16324d5753963f65f048b768647043003382eac2e4/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "f3b483d2d8a8",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "b0857da78019250069b06124651c85fa739a254a01da7053903bf787af9d3b81",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b0857da78019",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "1e7be4c95660ce78872953cbff3e3136aa0c4e3577d5d8af895aa26d8631f531",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "10fa1bdeab3d5fe622fc43695ec90409ca580e6955d6a45c704477d33504ef2a",
                    "EndpointID": "1e7be4c95660ce78872953cbff3e3136aa0c4e3577d5d8af895aa26d8631f531",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell

[root@vdevops ~]# docker exec -it f3b483d2d8a8 /bin/bash
[root@f3b483d2d8a8 /]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 07:27 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root          15       0  0 07:44 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root          29      15  0 07:45 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@f3b483d2d8a8 /]# 

# 方式二
docker atach 容器id

#测试
[root@vdevops ~]# docker attach f3b483d2d8a8

# docker exec 进入容器开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
#docker attach  进入正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目的主机路径

[root@vdevops ~]# docker cp f3b483d2d8a8:/home/test.java /home

#拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现

总结

attach    Attach to a running container  #当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像

build     Build an image from a Dockerfile  #通过Dockerfile定制镜像

commit    Create a new image from a container's changes  #提交当前容器为新的镜像

cp    Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT  #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中

create    Create a new container  #创建一个新的容器，同run 但不启动容器

diff    Inspect changes on a container's filesystem  #查看docker容器变化

events    Get real time events from the server#从docker服务获取容器实时事件

exec    Run a command in a running container#在已存在的容器上运行命令

export    Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive  #导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件(对应import)

history    Show the history of an image  #展示一个镜像形成历史

rename    Rename a container  #重命名容器

restart    Restart a running container  #重启运行的容器

rm    Remove one or more containers  #移除一个或者多个容器

rmi    Remove one or more images  #移除一个或多个镜像(无容器使用该镜像才可以删除，否则需要删除相关容器才可以继续或者-f强制删除)

run    Run a command in a new container  #创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令

save    Save an image(s) to a tar archive#保存一个镜像为一个tar包(对应load)

search    Search the Docker Hub for images  #在docker hub中搜索镜像

start    Start one or more stopped containers#启动容器

stats    Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics  #统计容器使用资源

stop    Stop a running container  #停止容器

tag         Tag an image into a repository  #给源中镜像打标签

top       Display the running processes of a container #查看容器中运行的进程信息

unpause    Unpause all processes within a container  #取消暂停容器

version    Show the Docker version information#查看容器版本号

wait         Block until a container stops, then print its exit code  #截取容器停止时的退出状态值

可视化

  • portainer（先用这个）

  • Reancher（CI/CD再用）

什么是portainer

Docker 图形化界面管理工具！提供一个后台面板提供我们操作

docker run -d -p 8088:9000 \
--restart=always -v /var/run/docker,sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer

访问测试 : 外网 http://ip:8088/

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