15 Sentinel

Sentinel

分布式系统的流量防卫兵

官网:https://github.com/alibaba/sentinel
中文版:[https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/介绍](

文档:https://spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io/github-pages/greenwich/spring-cloud-alibaba.html#_spring_cloud_alibaba_sentinel

下载:https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases

下载 jar 包 到本地

命令:java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.1.jar

浏览器 localhost:8080

用户和密码都是 sentinel

初始化演示监控

  1. 新建模块cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401
  2. pom
<dependencies>
    <!-- SpringCloud ailibaba nacos-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 持久化需要用到-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
        <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--监控-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--热部署-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

  1. yml
server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinal-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        #Nacos服务注册中心地址(改成自己的服务器ip地址,本地用localhost‍)
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentin dashboard地址(改成自己的服务器ip地址,本地用localhost‍)
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        # 默认8719端口,假如被占用了会自动从8719端口+1进行扫描,直到找到未被占用的 端口
        port: 8719


management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

  1. 主启动类
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApp8401 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApp8401.class, args);
    }
}

  1. controller
@RestController
public class FlowLimitController {

    @GetMapping("/testA")
    public String testA() {
        return "----testA";
    }

    @GetMapping("/testB")
    public String testB() {
        return "----testB";
    }

}

测试,启动8401,然后刷新sentinel后台页面(因为sentinel采用懒加载策略,所以需要调用服务后才在后台显示)
在浏览器分别输入,然后刷新sentinel后台页面:
http://localhost:8401/testA
http://localhost:8401/testB

流控规则

流控模式:直接(默认)、关联、链路

流控模式:直接

簇点链路处指定添加:

每秒请求数超过1个就会就会直接失败 报错

阈值类型

QPS与线程数的区别

QPS是直接挡在外面,而线程数是有好多个线程在处理,放进来,如果处理不过来,就报错(关门打狗)

流控模式:关联


此时不管调用多少次A都不会限流,而此时超过1秒调用1次B,则会限流A。

使用Postman进行B的多次访问。

访问 A 发现 A 挂了

流控效果

预热 Warm up

然后输入http://localhost:8401/testA,不停刷新,前5秒会限流,5秒后只要每秒不超过10个请求,就不会限流。

排队等待



降级规则



sentinel 1.8 之后 有了 半开状态

降级策略:RT

controlle添加

    @GetMapping("/testD")
    public String testD() {
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        log.info("testD 测试RT");
        return "----testD";
    }

降级策略:异常比例

修改 testD

    @GetMapping("/testD")
    public String testD() {
        log.info("testD 异常比例");
        int age = 10 / 0;   //百分百出错

        return "----testD";
    }

处理请求出错超过0.2(20%,阈值),熔断降级,进入时间窗口期不处理请求,3秒后退出时间窗口期继续处理请求。(前提也是每秒请求数超过5个,防止不会熔断降级)

降级策略:异常数

    @GetMapping("/testE")
    public String testE() {
        log.info("testE 测试异常数");
        int age = 10 / 0;
        return "----testE 测试异常数";
    }

热点规则

    @GetMapping("testHotKey")
    @SentinelResource(value = "testHotKey",blockHandler = "deal_testHotKey")
    public String hotKey(@RequestParam(value = "p1",required = false)String p1,
                         @RequestParam(value = "p2",required = false)String p2){
        return "-----testHotKey";
    }

    public String deal_testHotKey(String p1, String p2, BlockException exchange){
        // sentinel的默认提示都是: Blocked by Sentinel (flow limiting)
        return "-----deal_testHotKey";
    }

重启8401,浏览器输入http://localhost:8401/testHotKey,然后在后台对testHotKey进行热点规则配置。

如果每秒的访问请求带有索引为0(p1)的参数的数量超过1,进入统计窗口期,然后调用兜底方法,1秒后退出统计窗口期,继续处理请求。

http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=1
http://localhost:8401/testHotKey?p1=1&p2=2

参数例外项

我们期望 p1 参数当它是某个特殊值时,他的限流和平时不一样,例如当 p1的值等于5时,它的阈值可以达到200

测试

给testHotKey方法添加int i = 1 / 0;异常。
然后重新测试,发现兜底方法不适用于异常,有异常会直接打印到页面。

系统规则


针对整个系统的,每秒访问量超过1(阈值),限流。

@SentinelResource

按资源名称

@RestController
public class RateLimitController {

    @GetMapping("/byResource")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handleException")
    public CommonResult byResource() {
        return  new CommonResult(200,"按照资源名称限流测试",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
    }

	//兜底方法
    public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception) {
        return  new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName() + "\t 服务不可用");
    }
}

启动8401
http://localhost:8401/byResource

用资源名称进行配置兜底方法才生效。

多次刷新页面

报444

按照URL地址限流+后续处理

    @GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
    @SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")	//没有兜底方法,系统就用默认的
    public CommonResult byUrl() {
        return  new CommonResult(200,"按照byUrl限流测试",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
    }

根据 getmapping 的 url 来配置

客户自定义限流处理逻辑

新建myhandler.CustomerBlockHandler自定义限流处理类:

public class CustomerBlockHandler {

    public static CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception){
        return  new CommonResult(4444,"按照客户自定义,global handlerException-----1");

    }

    public static CommonResult handleException2(BlockException exception){
        return  new CommonResult(4444,"按照客户自定义,global handlerException-----2");

    }
}

在controller 中 添加自定义的兜底

    @GetMapping("/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler")
    @SentinelResource(value = "customerBlockHandler",
            blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class,
            blockHandler = "handleException2")
    public CommonResult customerBlockHandler() {
        return  new CommonResult(200,"按照用户自定义",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
    }

更多注解属性说明

服务熔断功能

Ribbon系列

配置消费提供 9003 9004

    <dependencies>
        <!-- SpringCloud ailibaba nacos-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引用自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--监控-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--热部署-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


server:
  port: 9003

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848  #nacos

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

sentinel 监控 84

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController {

    public static  final  String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback")   //没有配置
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id) {
        CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(
                SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/" + id,CommonResult.class,id);

        if(id == 4){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("IllegalArgument,非法参数异常...");
        }else if(result.getData() == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
        }

        return  result;
    }
    
}

当id = 4 时 会报运行时异常

只配置fallback

修改84的CircleBreakerController类的fallback方法中的@SentinelResource注解,并在类中添加

	@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
    //@SentinelResource(value = "fallback")   //没有配置
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback ="handlerFallback")   //只配置fallback(只负责业务异常)
    public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id) {
        ....//运行时异常
    }

    //fallback兜底
    public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult(444,"异常handlerFallback,exception内容: " + e.getMessage(), payment);
    }

只配置blockHandler

修改@SentinelResource注解,并在类中添加

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")    
    @SentinelResource(value = "fallback", blockHandler = "blockHandler")	//只配置blockHandler(只负责sentinel控制台配置违规)
  public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id) {
        ....//运行时异常
    }


    //blockHandler兜底
    public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable Long id,BlockException e) {
        Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
        return new CommonResult(444,"blockHandler-sentinel 限流,BlockException: " + e.getMessage(), payment);
    }

因为没配置指定fallback兜底方法,所以会直接显示错误页面,配置了blockHandler兜底方法,并且在sentinel 中配置了 服务降级的异常数 所以当sentinel配置违规会执行blockHandler兜底方法。

配置fallback和blockHandler

@SentinelResource(value = "fallback", fallback ="handlerFallback", blockHandler = "blockHandler")

在 sentinel 中设置了 阈值 qps = 1 并且 java中有运行时异常

这时候 qps 高了 到了 blockhandler处理

当@SentinelResource注解fallback和blockHandler都指定后,然后同时符合,优先执行blockHandler兜底方法。

忽略属性

exceptionsToIgnor 如果出现了异常 兜底的方法 就不管了

Feign系列

在 84 消费端加

  1. pom
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

  1. yaml
#前面也已经添加了
#激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true

  1. 主启动类上添加@EnableFeignClients(也已经添加了)
  2. service
    PaymentService接口
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentService {

    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);

}

  1. 实现类
@Component
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
    @Override
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id) {
        return new CommonResult<>(444,"服务降级返回,---PaymentFallbackService",new Payment(id,"ErrorSerial"));

    }
}
  1. controller
    //======= OpenFeign
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult< Payment > paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
    }

关闭9003和9004,执行@FeignClient的fallback兜底方法PaymentFallbackService。

熔断限流框架对比


持久化规则


修改8401

  1. pom
	<!--之前添加了-->
    <!-- SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 持久化需要用到-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
        <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
    </dependency>

  1. yml
server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinal-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        #Nacos服务注册中心地址(改成自己的服务器ip地址,本地用localhost‍)
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentin dashboard地址(改成自己的服务器ip地址,本地用localhost‍)
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        # 默认8719端口,假如被占用了会自动从8719端口+1进行扫描,直到找到未被占用的 端口
        port: 8719
        datasource:
          ds1:
            nacos:
              server-addr: 10.211.55.26:8848  #nacos
            dataId: ${spring.application.name}
              groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
              data-type: json
              rule-type: flow


management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

  1. 在nacos后台添加配置:将流控规则配置进nacos


停止后 重启了也还存在

实现sentinel配置的持久化。

posted @   flypiggg  阅读(38)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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