初试konckout+webapi简单实现增删改查

前言

  konckout.js本人也是刚刚接触,也是初学,本文的目的是使用ko和asp.net mvc4 webapi来实现一个简单增删改查操作。Knockout是一个以数据模型(data model)为基础的能够帮助你创建富文本,响应显示和编辑用户界面的JavaScript类库。任何时候如果你的UI需要自动更新(比如:更新依赖于用户的行为或者外部数据源的改变),KO能够很简单的帮你实现并且很容易维护。其作用简单来说就是声明所需的数据作为一个JavaScript 模型对象(model object),然后将DOM 元素或者模板(templates)绑定到它上面。

创建mvc4+webapi+konckout.js的简单应用程序

1、首先准备一个测试的数据库,我这以我随便创建的一个数据库为例

表结构如下图:

 

2、创建一个mvc程序,并在项目中添加一个以上表的ado.net实体数据模型

添加完成以后:

3、添加添加一个带读写操作的EmployeeApiController webapi控制器和用来实现增删改查的普通控制器EmployeeController

添加是注意选择是带读写操作的webapi控制器,选择好数据模型及数据库上下文,方面vs自动为我们生成读写操作。

添加完成后自动生成的完整代码:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using Knockout.Models;

namespace Knockout.Controllers
{
    public class EmployeeApiController : ApiController
    {
        private DemoDBEntities db = new DemoDBEntities();

        // GET api/EmployeeApi
        public IEnumerable<Employees> GetEmployees()
        {
            return db.Employees.AsEnumerable();
        }

        // GET api/EmployeeApi/5
        public Employees GetEmployees(int id)
        {
            Employees employees = db.Employees.Find(id);
            if (employees == null)
            {
                throw new HttpResponseException(Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound));
            }

            return employees;
        }

        // PUT api/EmployeeApi/5
        public HttpResponseMessage PutEmployees(int id, Employees employees)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid && id == employees.EmployeeID)
            {
                db.Entry(employees).State = EntityState.Modified;

                try
                {
                    db.SaveChanges();
                }
                catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException)
                {
                    return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
                }

                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
            }
            else
            {
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }
        }

        // POST api/EmployeeApi
        public HttpResponseMessage PostEmployees(Employees employees)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                db.Employees.Add(employees);
                db.SaveChanges();

                HttpResponseMessage response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, employees);
                response.Headers.Location = new Uri(Url.Link("DefaultApi", new { id = employees.EmployeeID }));
                return response;
            }
            else
            {
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }
        }

        // DELETE api/EmployeeApi/5
        public HttpResponseMessage DeleteEmployees(int id)
        {
            Employees employees = db.Employees.Find(id);
            if (employees == null)
            {
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
            }

            db.Employees.Remove(employees);

            try
            {
                db.SaveChanges();
            }
            catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException)
            {
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
            }

            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, employees);
        }

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            db.Dispose();
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }
    }
}
View Code

在添加一个普通的控制器EmployeeController,并在里面添加如下方法:

public ActionResult Create()
        {
            return View("Create");
        }

添加视图Create.cshtml:

首先在视图中添加对ko的引用,mapping.js是用来实现绑定viewmodel的第三方插件:

<script src="~/Scripts/knockout-2.1.0.js"></script>
<script src="~/Scripts/knockout.mapping-latest.js"></script>

在body节点下添加一个form表单如下代码:

<form>
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    <!--将textbox监控属性的值与ViewModel绑定 -->
                    <table id="tbldml">
                        <tr>
                            <td>编号</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txteno" data-bind="value: $root.EmployeeID" disabled="disabled" /></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td>名称</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txtename" data-bind="value: $root.EmployeeName" /></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td>薪资</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txtsal" data-bind="value: $root.Salary" /></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td>部门</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txtdname" data-bind="value: $root.DeptName" /></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <td>籍贯</td>
                            <td>
                                <input type="text" id="txtdesig" data-bind="value: $root.Address" /></td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                            <!--ko控制的保存和修改按钮-->
                            <td>
                                <button data-bind="click :$root.save">保存</button></td>
                            <td>
                                <button data-bind="click: $root.update">修改</button></td>
                        </tr>
                    </table>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div class="FixedContainer">
                        <!--控制有数据的时候显示表格-->
                        <table data-bind="visible:  Employees().length>0">
                            <thead>
                                <tr>
                                    <td>编号</td>
                                    <td>名称</td>
                                    <td>薪资</td>
                                    <td>部门</td>
                                    <td>籍贯</td>
                                    <td></td>
                                </tr>
                            </thead>
                            <!--遍历所有数据->
                            <tbody data-bind="foreach:  Employees">
                                <tr style="border: solid" data-bind="click: $root.getselectedemployee" id="updtr">
                                    <td><span data-bind="text:  EmployeeID"></span></td>
                                    <td><span data-bind="text:  EmployeeName"></span></td>
                                    <td><span data-bind="text: Salary"></span></td>
                                    <td><span data-bind="text: DeptName"></span></td>
                                    <td><span data-bind="text: Address"></span></td>
                                    <td>
                                        <button data-bind="click: $root.deleterec">Delete</button></td>
                                </tr>
                            </tbody>
                        </table>
                    </div>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </table>

    </form>

4、页面改造好以后,编写Ko需要的js来实现增删改查

在页面添加scripts占位节点添加如下脚本:

@section scripts{
        <script type="text/javascript">
        var EmpViewModel = function () {
            var self = this;

            self.EmployeeID = ko.observable("0");
            self.EmployeeName = ko.observable("");
            self.Salary = ko.observable("");
            self.DeptName = ko.observable("");
            self.Address = ko.observable("");

            var EmpData = {
                EmployeeID: self.EmployeeID,
                EmployeeName: self.EmployeeName,
                Salary: self.Salary,
                DeptName: self.DeptName,
                Address: self.Address
            };

            //生命一个ObservableArray来存储返回的所有数据
            self.Employees = ko.observableArray([]);

            GetEmployees(); //通过ajax请求返回所有数据
            //保存数据
            self.save = function () {
                //Ajax 提交到webapi保存数据
                alert(11);
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: "/api/EmployeeApi",
                    data: ko.toJSON(EmpData),
                    contentType: "application/json",
                    success: function (data) {
                        alert("记录保存成功");
                        self.EmployeeID(data.EmployeeID);
                        alert("新数据Id :" + self.EmployeeID());
                        GetEmployees();
                    },
                    error: function () {
                        alert("提交失败");
                    }
                });
            };

            self.update = function () {
                var url = "/api/EmployeeApi/" + self.EmployeeID();
                alert(url);
                $.ajax({
                    type: "PUT",
                    url: url,
                    data: ko.toJSON(EmpData),
                    contentType: "application/json",
                    success: function (data) {
                        alert("修改成功");
                        GetEmployees();
                    },
                    error: function (error) {
                        alert(error.status + "<!----!>" + error.statusText);
                    }
                });
            };

            //删除操作
            self.deleterec = function (employee) {
                $.ajax({
                    type: "DELETE",
                    url: "/api/EmployeeApi/" + employee.EmployeeID,
                    success: function (data) {
                        alert("Record Deleted Successfully");
                        GetEmployees();//Refresh the Table
                    },
                    error: function (error) {
                        alert(error.status + "<--and--> " + error.statusText);
                    }
                });
            };

            //获取所有Employee
            function GetEmployees() {
                //Ajax 获取所有Employee记录
                $.ajax({
                    type: "GET",
                    url: "/api/EmployeeApi",
                    contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
                    dataType: "json",
                    success: function (data) {
                        self.Employees(data); 
                    },
                    error: function (error) {
                        alert(error.status + "<--and--> " + error.statusText);
                    }
                });
            }
            //点击右侧列表某一行左侧编辑赋值
            self.getselectedemployee = function (employee) {
                self.EmployeeID(employee.EmployeeID),
                self.EmployeeName(employee.EmployeeName),
                self.Salary(employee.Salary),
                self.DeptName(employee.DeptName),
                self.Address(employee.Address)
            };


        };
        //激活knockout
        ko.applyBindings(new EmpViewModel());
    </script>

    }

代码中有比较详细的注释,其中实现的增删查改的操作是通过ajax异步调用webapi来实现的,刷新及数据绑定是通过ko来实现的。

5、运行程序得到如下效果:

新增记录的时候id默认为0,表单数据为空,点击保存实现无刷新保存,右侧若无数据表格则隐藏,若有数据表格显示数据列表。

点击某一行数据,左侧表单显示该行数据信息,并可以修改信息

点击删除实现无刷新删除数据记录。

 

posted @ 2013-10-10 17:54  狼性法则  阅读(2670)  评论(5编辑  收藏  举报