CSS绘制简单图形

　　究竟该用字体图标、图片图标、还是CSS画一个图标？我也不知道。各有千秋吧。本文将介绍如何用css绘制简单的图形，所有测试在chrome58.0完成，如果你不能得到正确结果请到caniuse查一查看看是不是需要什么前缀。

一、基础

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>basic shapes</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        div{
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        .div1{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            border-top: 50px solid red;
            border-right: 50px solid blue;
            border-bottom: 50px solid yellow;
            border-left: 50px solid green;
        }

        .div2{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            border-right: 50px solid blue;
            border-bottom: 100px solid yellow;
            border-left: 50px solid green;
        }
        .div3{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            border-right: 25px solid blue;
            border-bottom: 100px solid yellow;
            border-left: 25px solid green;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="div1">div1</div>
    <span>border的神奇之处</span>
    <hr>
    <div class="div2">div2</div>
    <span>黄色三角形，底边100px高100px</span>
    <hr>
    <div class="div3">div3</div>
    <span>黄色的等腰梯形，上底50,下底100,高100</span>
</body>
</html>

 

　　上面代码的效果是这样的

　　

　　border是如何工作的，你可以从上面的结果自行体会。

二、特殊三角形

　　

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>三角形</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        div{
            box-sizing: border-box;
            margin:20px;
        }
        .container::after{
            content: "";
            display: block;
            clear: both;
        }
        .div1{
            width: 100px;
            height: 0;
            border-bottom: 100px solid red;
            border-left: 50px solid transparent;
            border-right: 50px solid transparent;
            float: left;
        }
        .div2{
            width: 0;
            height: 100px;
            border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;
            border-left: 100px solid blue;
            border-top: 50px solid transparent;
            float: left;
        }
        .div3{
            width: 100px;
            height: 0;
            border-top: 100px solid yellow;
            border-left: 50px solid transparent;
            border-right: 50px solid transparent;
            float: left;
        }
        .div4{
            width: 0;
            height: 100px;
            border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;
            border-right: 100px solid green;
            border-top: 50px solid transparent;
            float: left;
        }
        .div5{
            width: 100px;
            height: 0;
            border-bottom: 86.6px solid red;
            border-left: 50px solid transparent;
            border-right: 50px solid transparent;
            float: left;
        }
        .div6{
            width: 100px;
            height: 0;
            border-bottom: 100px solid blue;
            /*border-left: 50px solid transparent;*/
            border-right: 100px solid transparent;
            float: left;
        }
        .div7{
            width: 100px;
            height: 0;
            border-bottom: 100px solid blue;
            /*border-left: 50px solid transparent;*/
            border-right: 100px solid transparent;
            float: left;
            transform: rotate(135deg);
            transform-origin: 50% 50%;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <h4>等腰三角形</h4>
        <div class="div1"></div>
        <div class="div2"></div>
        <div class="div3"></div>
        <div class="div4"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="container">
        <h4>其他特殊三角形</h4>
        <div class="div5">等边</div>
        <div class="div6">直角</div>
        <div class="div7">直角</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

　　

　　等腰三角形我做了4个方向的，当然你也可以用旋转来做，就像div7那样。制作三角形比较简单，只要对我前面将的基础加以改造就可以了。

三、特殊四边形

　　

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>四边形</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        div{
            box-sizing: border-box;
            margin:20px;
        }
        .container::after{
            content: "";
            display: block;
            clear: both;
        }
        .div1{
            background: transparent;
            width: 0;
            height: 100px;
            border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;
            border-right: 100px solid green;
            border-top: 50px solid transparent;
            float: left;
            position: relative;
            box-sizing: border-box;

        }
        .div1::after{
            content: "";
            position: absolute;
            top: -50px;
            left: 100px;
            background: transparent;
            width: 0;
            height: 100px;
            border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;
            border-left: 100px solid green;
            border-top: 50px solid transparent;
            float: left;
            position: relative;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }

        .div2{
            background: transparent;
            width: 80px;
            height: 0;
            border-bottom: 50px solid green;
            border-right: 40px solid transparent;
            border-left: 40px solid transparent;
            float: left;
            position: relative;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            margin-left: 100px;
        }
        .div2::after{
            content: "";
            position: absolute;
            top: 50px;
            left: -40px;
            width: 80px;
            height: 0;
            border-top: 50px solid green;
            border-right: 40px solid transparent;
            border-left: 40px solid transparent;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        .div5{
            width: 100px;
            height: 0;
            border-bottom: 100px solid green;
            border-left: 25px solid transparent;
            border-right: 25px solid transparent;
            float: left;
        }
        .div6{
            width: 100px;
            height: 0;
            border-bottom: 100px solid green;
            border-right: 40px solid transparent;
            float: left;
        }
        .div7{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background: green;
            transform: skew(30deg,0);
            float: left;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <h4>菱形</h4>
        <div class="div1"></div>
        <div class="div2"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="container">
        <h4>梯形和平行四边形</h4>
        <div class="div5">等腰</div>
        <div class="div6">直角</div>
        <div class="div7">平行四边形</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

四、圆和椭圆

　　

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>圆和椭圆</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .div1{
            width: 50px;
            height: 50px;
            border-radius: 25px;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            background: red;
            float: left;
        }
        .div2 {
            width: 100px; 
            height: 80px; 
            background: green; 
            border-radius: 50px / 40px; 
            float: left;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="div1"></div>
    <div class="div2"></div>
</body>
</html>

　　科普一下：http://www.css88.com/book/css/properties/border/border-radius.htm

      

　　以前都只用一个参参数的，所以写博客可以帮助查漏补缺。

五、复杂一点的图形

　　1、正多边形

　　

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>正多边形</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .five {   
            top: 50px;
            position: relative;  
            width: 54px;     
            border-width: 50px 18px 0;     
            border-style: solid;     
            border-color: red transparent; 
        } 
        .five::before {     
            content: "";     
            position: absolute;     
            height: 0;    
            width: 0;     
            top: -85px;     
            left: -18px;     
            border-width: 0 45px 35px;     
            border-style: solid;     
            border-color: transparent transparent green; 
        }
        .six{
            width: 100px;
            height: 0px;
            border-width:0px 18.59px 60px;
            border-style: solid;
            border-color: transparent transparent red; 
            margin-top: 60px;
            position: relative;
        }
        .six::after{
            content: "";
            width: 100px;
            height: 0px;
            border-width:60px 18.59px 0px;
            border-style: solid;
            border-color: green transparent transparent; 
            position: absolute;
            top: 60px;
            left: -18.59px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="five"></div>
    <div class="six"></div>
</body>
</html>

　　

　　正五边形是借鉴的大神的（不知道是不是正的，我没算），思路是做一个梯形，然后拼接一个三角形，正六边形是我根据他的思路用两个梯形拼接的，如果我没有计算错误这应该是一个正六边形（怎么有点不像呢），计算目的是保证，腰和短底长相等。我刻意用不同颜色表示了拆分情况，便于理解。正 八变形怎么做？只需要拆解成两个梯形和一个矩形就好做了。正n边形怎么做，也是把它看作基本图形的组合，只不过可能单靠两个伪元素已经不够用了。

　　2、大大的爱心送给你

　　

.aixin{
            border-width: 200px 150px 0;
            border-style: solid;;
            border-color: red transparent;
            width: 0px;
            position: relative;
            top: 200px;
            left: 100px;
        }
        .aixin::before{
            content: "";
            width: 180px;
            height: 180px;
            display: block;
            border-radius: 90px;
            background: red;
            position: absolute;
            top: -357px;
            left: -180px;
        }
        .aixin:after{
            content: "";
            width: 180px;
            height: 180px;
            display: block;
            border-radius: 90px;
            background: red;
            position: absolute;
            top: -357px;
            left: 0;
        }

 

　　数据没算，调整出来的。人要实心啊，搞个空心太不像话了，你自己去弄吧。两个圈圈加个三角形就可以了，原来爱这么简单。　　　　

　　3、对话框

　　

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>对话框</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .div1{
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            border: 1px solid #97FFFF;
            position: relative;
            left: 100px;
            border-radius: 10px;
        }
        .div1::after,.div1::before{
            content: "";
            
            display: block;
            width: 0;
            height: 0;
            border-style: solid;
            border-color:transparent #97FFFF transparent transparent;
            position: absolute;
            top: 30px;
            left: -50px;
        }
        .div1::after{
            border-width: 21px 50px 21px 0;
        }
        .div1::before{
            top: 31px;
            border-width: 20px 50px 20px 0;
            border-color: transparent white transparent transparent;
            z-index: 1000;
            left: -49px;
        }
        
        .div2{
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            border: 1px solid #97FFFF;
            position: relative;
            left: 100px;
            border-radius: 10px;
            margin-top: 20px;
        }
        .div2::after,.div2::before{
            content: "";
            
            display: block;
            width: 0;
            height: 0;
            border-style: solid;
            border-color:transparent transparent transparent #97FFFF;
            position: absolute;
            top: 30px;
            left: 300px;
        }
        .div2::after{
            border-width: 21px 0px 21px 50px;
        }
        .div2::before{
            top: 31px;
            border-width: 20px 0px 20px 50px;
            border-color: transparent transparent transparent white;
            z-index: 1000;
            left: 299px;
        }
        
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="div1">    
    </div>
    

    <div class="div2"></div>

</body>
</html>

　　

六、小结一下

　　用CSS还是画出来很多东西的，对于稍微复杂点的图形用拼接或者裁剪的方法实现，有时可能会需要一些简单计算。本文所提到的只是九牛一毛，早有一些朋友做出了许多非常炫酷的图形，你可以去搜搜看。就写到这里，留几个大神的作品，以备不时只需。

参考：

posted @ 2017-05-02 23:00  大~熊  阅读(1394)  评论(2)  编辑  收藏  举报