【LeetCode-树】二叉树的后序遍历

题目描述

给定一个二叉树,返回它的 后序 遍历。
示例:

输入: [1,null,2,3]  
   1
    \
     2
    /
   3 

输出: [3,2,1]

题目链接: https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/binary-tree-postorder-traversal/

思路1

使用递归。代码如下:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        if(root==nullptr) return {};

        vector<int> ans;
        postOrder(root, ans);
        return ans;
    }

    void postOrder(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& ans){
        if(root==nullptr) return;

        postOrder(root->left, ans);
        postOrder(root->right, ans);
        ans.push_back(root->val);
    }
};
  • 时间复杂度:O(n)
  • 空间复杂度:O(h)

思路2

使用迭代。类似于中序遍历的颜色标记法。代码如下:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        if(root==nullptr) return {};

        vector<int> ans;
        stack<TreeNode*> nodeStack;
        stack<int> visit;
        nodeStack.push(root); visit.push(0);
        while(!nodeStack.empty()){
            TreeNode* curNode = nodeStack.top(); nodeStack.pop();
            int hasVisit = visit.top(); visit.pop();
            if(hasVisit==0){
                nodeStack.push(curNode); visit.push(1);
                if(curNode->right!=nullptr){
                    nodeStack.push(curNode->right); visit.push(0);
                }
                if(curNode->left!=nullptr){
                    nodeStack.push(curNode->left); visit.push(0);
                }
            }else{
                ans.push_back(curNode->val);
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

还有一种写法:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        if(root==NULL) return {};

        vector<int> ans;
        stack<TreeNode*> s;
        s.push(root);
        while(!s.empty()){
            TreeNode* cur = s.top(); s.pop();
            if(cur!=NULL){
                s.push(cur);
                s.push(NULL);
                if(cur->right) s.push(cur->right);
                if(cur->left) s.push(cur->left);
            }else{
                ans.push_back(s.top()->val);
                s.pop();
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

这种写法本质上和上面的写法是一样的,都使用栈来模拟递归的过程,只是这种写法不需要额外的变量来进行标记,栈也是普通保存一个节点的栈,推荐这种写法

  • 时间复杂度:O(n)
  • 空间复杂度:O(h)
posted @ 2020-04-23 20:49  Flix  阅读(161)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报