一:RPC 远程过程调用
RPC(Remote Procedure Call Protocol)远程过程调用协议,通过网络从远程计算机上请求调用某种服务。
一次RPC调用的过程大概有10步:
1.执行客户端调用语句,传送参数
2.调用本地系统发送网络消息
3.消息传送到远程主机
4.服务器得到消息并取得参数
5.根据调用请求以及参数执行远程过程(服务)
6.执行过程完毕,将结果返回服务器句柄
7.服务器句柄返回结果,调用远程主机的系统网络服务发送结果
8.消息传回本地主机
9.客户端句柄由本地主机的网络服务接收消息
10.客户端接收到调用语句返回的结果数据
二:RMI 远程方法调用
RMI:远程方法调用(Remote Method Invocation)。能够让在客户端Java虚拟机上的对象像调用本地对象一样调用服务端java 虚拟机中的对象上的方法。
RMI远程调用步骤:
1,客户调用客户端辅助对象stub上的方法
2,客户端辅助对象stub打包调用信息(变量,方法名),通过网络发送给服务端辅助对象skeleton
3,服务端辅助对象skeleton将客户端辅助对象发送来的信息解包,找出真正被调用的方法以及该方法所在对象
4,调用真正服务对象上的真正方法,并将结果返回给服务端辅助对象skeleton
5,服务端辅助对象将结果打包,发送给客户端辅助对象stub
6,客户端辅助对象将返回值解包,返回给调用者
7,客户获得返回值
三:RPC与RMI的区别
1:方法调用方式不同:
RMI中是通过在客户端的Stub对象作为远程接口进行远程方法的调用。每个远程方法都具有方法签名。如果一个方法在服务器上执行,但是没有相匹配的签名被添加到这个远程接口(stub)上,那么这个新方法就不能被RMI客户方所调用。
RPC中是通过网络服务协议向远程主机发送请求,请求包含了一个参数集和一个文本值,通常形成“classname.methodname(参数集)”的形式。RPC远程主机就去搜索与之相匹配的类和方法,找到后就执行方法并把结果编码,通过网络协议发回。
2:适用语言范围不同:
RMI只用于Java;
RPC是网络服务协议,与操作系统和语言无关。
3:调用结果的返回形式不同:
Java是面向对象的,所以RMI的调用结果可以是对象类型或者基本数据类型;
RMI的结果统一由外部数据表示 (External Data Representation, XDR) 语言表示,这种语言抽象了字节序类和数据类型结构之间的差异。以上转载地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/ygj0930/p/6542811.html
其他的RPC框架:RMI(JRMP)、soap(webservice、axis、cxf)、thrift\grpc\dubbo等
RMI简单demo
1.创建服务类
import java.rmi.Remote;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
public interface IHelloService extends Remote{
public String sayHello(String msg) throws RemoteException;//需要抛此异常
}
import java.rmi.RemoteException; import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject; public class HelloServiceImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements IHelloService{ protected HelloServiceImpl() throws RemoteException { super(); } @Override public String sayHello(String msg) throws RemoteException{ // TODO Auto-generated method stub return "hello"+msg; } }
2.发布、注册服务
import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.rmi.Naming; import java.rmi.RemoteException; import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry; public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) { try { IHelloService helloService = new HelloServiceImpl();//已经发发了一个远程对象 LocateRegistry.createRegistry(1099); try { //注册中心key-value Naming.rebind("rmi://127.0.0.1/hello", helloService); System.out.println("服务启动成功!"); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (RemoteException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
3.服务的调用
import com.lf.rmi.HelloServiceImpl; import com.lf.rmi.IHelloService; public class ClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { // IHelloService helloService = new HelloServiceImpl(); // String msg = helloService.sayHello(" zhangsan"); // System.out.println(msg); try { //从注册中心拿到代理对象 HelloServiceImpl_stub代理对象 IHelloService helloService=(IHelloService) Naming.lookup("rmi://127.0.0.1/hello"); String sayHello = helloService.sayHello(" zhangsan"); System.out.println(sayHello); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (RemoteException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NotBoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } }
源码分析:
一定要说明,在 RMI Client 实施正式的 RMI 调用前,它必
须通过 LocateRegistry 或者 Naming 方式到 RMI 注册表寻
找要调用的 RMI 注册信息。找到 RMI 事务注册信息后,
Client 会从 RMI 注册表获取这个 RMI Remote Service 的
Stub 信息。这个过程成功后,RMI Client 才能开始正式的
调用过程。
另外要说明的是 RMI Client 正式调用过程,也不是由 RMI
Client 直接访问 Remote Service,而是由客户端获取的
Stub 作为 RMI Client 的代理访问 Remote Service 的代理
Skeleton,如上图所示的顺序。也就是说真实的请求调用是
在 Stub-Skeleton 之间进行的。
Registry 并不参与具体的 Stub-Skeleton 的调用过程,只
负责记录“哪个服务名”使用哪一个 Stub,并在 Remote
Client 询问它时将这个 Stub 拿给 Client(如果没有就会报
错)。
手动实现简易 RPC 框架
server端
创建接口类 package rpc; public interface IHelloWorld { public String sayHello(String msg); }
创建实现类 package rpc; public class HelloWorldServiceImpl implements IHelloWorld { @Override public String sayHello(String msg) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return "HelloWorld,"+msg; } }
创建服务类 package rpc; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class RpcServer { private static final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); public void publisher(final Object service,int port){ ServerSocket serverSocket = null; try { serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);//启动一个服务监听 while(true){ Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); executorService.execute(new ProcessorHandler(socket,service)); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if(serverSocket!=null){ try { serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
创建传输类 package rpc; import java.io.Serializable; /** * 传输对象 * @author admin * */ public class RpcRequest implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 6351477854838485391L; private String className; private String methodName; private Object[] parameters; public RpcRequest(String className, String methodName, Object[] parameters) { super(); this.className = className; this.methodName = methodName; this.parameters = parameters; } public RpcRequest() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public String getClassName() { return className; } public void setClassName(String className) { this.className = className; } public String getMethodName() { return methodName; } public void setMethodName(String methodName) { this.methodName = methodName; } public Object[] getParameters() { return parameters; } public void setParameters(Object[] parameters) { this.parameters = parameters; } }
创建服务处理handler package rpc; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.net.Socket; public class ProcessorHandler implements Runnable { private Socket socket; private Object service;//服务端发布的服务 public ProcessorHandler(Socket socket, Object service) { this.socket = socket; this.service = service; } @Override public void run() { // TODO 处理请求 ObjectInputStream objectInputStream =null; ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream =null; try { objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); RpcRequest request = (RpcRequest) objectInputStream.readObject(); Object result = invoke(request); objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()); objectOutputStream.writeObject(result); objectOutputStream.flush(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ if(objectInputStream!=null){ try { objectInputStream.close(); objectOutputStream.close(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } } private Object invoke(RpcRequest request) throws Exception, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{ Object[] args = request.getParameters(); Class<?> [] types = new Class[args.length]; for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) { types[i] = args[i].getClass(); } Method method = service.getClass().getMethod(request.getMethodName(), types); return method.invoke(service, args); } }
创建服务发布类 package rpc; public class ServerDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { IHelloWorld service = new HelloWorldServiceImpl(); RpcServer server = new RpcServer(); System.out.println("服务已发布!"); server.publisher(service, 8888); } }
client端
创建接口和传输类,注意包路径和服务方一致(或将接口和传输类变成jar,导入客户端) package rpc; public interface IHelloWorld { public String sayHello(String msg); } package rpc; import java.io.Serializable; /** * 传输对象 * @author admin * */ public class RpcRequest implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 6351477854838485391L; private String className; private String methodName; private Object[] parameters; public RpcRequest(String className, String methodName, Object[] parameters) { super(); this.className = className; this.methodName = methodName; this.parameters = parameters; } public RpcRequest() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public String getClassName() { return className; } public void setClassName(String className) { this.className = className; } public String getMethodName() { return methodName; } public void setMethodName(String methodName) { this.methodName = methodName; } public Object[] getParameters() { return parameters; } public void setParameters(Object[] parameters) { this.parameters = parameters; } }
创建代理类 package rpc; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; public class RpcClientProxy { public <T> T clientProxy(final Class<T> interfaceCls,final String host,final int port){ return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceCls.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {interfaceCls}, new RemoteInvocationHandler(host,port)); } }
创建客户端handler package rpc; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.net.Socket; public class RemoteInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler { private String host; private int port; public RemoteInvocationHandler(String host, int port) { this.host = host; this.port = port; } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { // TODO Auto-generated method stub RpcRequest request = new RpcRequest(); request.setClassName(method.getDeclaringClass().getName()); request.setMethodName(method.getName()); request.setParameters(args); TcpTransport trans = new TcpTransport(host, port); return trans.send(request); } }
创建连接传输类 package rpc; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpTransport { private String host; private int port; public TcpTransport(String host, int port) { super(); this.host = host; this.port = port; } Socket newSocket(){ System.out.println("创建一个连接"); Socket socket = null; try { socket = new Socket(host,port); return socket; } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception throw new RuntimeException("连接建立失败!"); } } public Object send(RpcRequest request){ Socket socket = null; ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = null; ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = null; try { socket = newSocket(); objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()); objectOutputStream.writeObject(request); objectOutputStream.flush(); objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); Object readObject = objectInputStream.readObject(); return readObject; } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException("连接建立失败!"); }finally { if(socket!=null){ try { socket.close(); objectOutputStream.close(); objectInputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
发起客户端调用 package rpc; public class ClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { RpcClientProxy rpcClientProxy = new RpcClientProxy(); IHelloWorld hello = rpcClientProxy.clientProxy(IHelloWorld.class, "localhost", 8888); System.out.println(hello.sayHello("lf")); } }