前面分析了Volley初始化的基本流程,下面我们来看一看Volley发送请求的过程。  

        StringRequest translateRequset = new StringRequest(Dict_Url + word.toLowerCase(), mResponListener, mErrorListener);
        mQueue.add(translateRequset);

  这是最简单的发请求过程。

  我们看一下StringRequest的实现。  

public class StringRequest extends Request<String> {
    private final Listener<String> mListener;

    /**
     * Creates a new request with the given method.
     *
     * @param method the request {@link Method} to use
     * @param url URL to fetch the string at
     * @param listener Listener to receive the String response
     * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
     */
    public StringRequest(int method, String url, Listener<String> listener,
            ErrorListener errorListener) {
        super(method, url, errorListener);
        mListener = listener;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new GET request.
     *
     * @param url URL to fetch the string at
     * @param listener Listener to receive the String response
     * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
     */
    public StringRequest(String url, Listener<String> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
        this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener);
    }

    @Override
    protected void deliverResponse(String response) {
        mListener.onResponse(response);
    }

    @Override
    protected Response<String> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
        String parsed;
        try {
            parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            parsed = new String(response.data);
        }
        return Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
    }
}

  这个类,主要是一个构造方法,两个实现方法。我们一个一个阅读:

  构造方法:

    public StringRequest(int method, String url, Listener<String> listener,
            ErrorListener errorListener) {
        super(method, url, errorListener);
        mListener = listener;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new GET request.
     *
     * @param url URL to fetch the string at
     * @param listener Listener to receive the String response
     * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
     */
    public StringRequest(String url, Listener<String> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
        this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener);
    }

    可以看到,这个方法,主要保存了最后请求完成的监听,其余的直接使用父类的。因此,我们顺藤摸瓜看一看父类的构造方法。

    /**
     * Creates a new request with the given method (one of the values from {@link Method}),
     * URL, and error listener.  Note that the normal response listener is not provided here as
     * delivery of responses is provided by subclasses, who have a better idea of how to deliver
     * an already-parsed response.
     */
    public Request(int method, String url, Response.ErrorListener listener) {
        mMethod = method;
        mUrl = url;
        mErrorListener = listener;
        setRetryPolicy(new DefaultRetryPolicy());

        mDefaultTrafficStatsTag = findDefaultTrafficStatsTag(url);
    }

 

  我们先来看findDefaultTrafficStatesTag方法,因为它比较简单。

    /**
     * @return The hashcode of the URL's host component, or 0 if there is none.
     */
    private static int findDefaultTrafficStatsTag(String url) {
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(url)) {
            Uri uri = Uri.parse(url);
            if (uri != null) {
                String host = uri.getHost();
                if (host != null) {
                    return host.hashCode();
                }
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

 

  我们可以看到,这个方法,主要是将url解析为Uri,并取出它的host的hashCode。

  然后,我们看看DefaultRetryPolicy这个类,看看默认的重发策略是什么样的。  

    /** The default socket timeout in milliseconds */
    public static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2500;

    /** The default number of retries */
    public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES = 1;

    /** The default backoff multiplier */
    public static final float DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT = 1f;

    /**
     * Constructs a new retry policy using the default timeouts.
     */
    public DefaultRetryPolicy() {
        this(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES, DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new retry policy.
     * @param initialTimeoutMs The initial timeout for the policy.
     * @param maxNumRetries The maximum number of retries.
     * @param backoffMultiplier Backoff multiplier for the policy.
     */
    public DefaultRetryPolicy(int initialTimeoutMs, int maxNumRetries, float backoffMultiplier) {
        mCurrentTimeoutMs = initialTimeoutMs;
        mMaxNumRetries = maxNumRetries;
        mBackoffMultiplier = backoffMultiplier;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current timeout.
     */
    @Override
    public int getCurrentTimeout() {
        return mCurrentTimeoutMs;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current retry count.
     */
    @Override
    public int getCurrentRetryCount() {
        return mCurrentRetryCount;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the backoff multiplier for the policy.
     */
    public float getBackoffMultiplier() {
        return mBackoffMultiplier;
    }

 

  这一段中不难发现,我们默认的重发策略是2500ms定义为超时,重发次数为1次,DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT=1.0f。DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT称为超时因子,每次重发,超时都会乘上这个因子:

    /**
     * Prepares for the next retry by applying a backoff to the timeout.
     * @param error The error code of the last attempt.
     */
    @Override
    public void retry(VolleyError error) throws VolleyError {
        mCurrentRetryCount++;
        mCurrentTimeoutMs += (mCurrentTimeoutMs * mBackoffMultiplier);
        if (!hasAttemptRemaining()) {
            throw error;
        }
    }

 

  至此,我们对于StringRequest的构造方法阅读完成。

 

  接下来就来看两个核心方法:deliverResponse和parseNetworkResponse。先不看内容,我们先来看这两个方法在哪里调用的,其实在之前的文章中提到过,但是可能很多人,包括我自己也忘记了,所以此处来回顾一下。

  在RequestQueue中,我们有如下代码:

  

    public void start() {
        stop();  // Make sure any currently running dispatchers are stopped.
        // Create the cache dispatcher and start it.
        mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(mCacheQueue, mNetworkQueue, mCache, mDelivery);
        mCacheDispatcher.start();

        // Create network dispatchers (and corresponding threads) up to the pool size.
        for (int i = 0; i < mDispatchers.length; i++) {
            NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(mNetworkQueue, mNetwork,
                    mCache, mDelivery);
            mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher;
            networkDispatcher.start();
        }
    }

  其中networkDispatcher是Thread的子类,networkDispatcher的run方法中:

……               
         // Parse the response here on the worker thread.
                Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse);
                request.addMarker("network-parse-complete");
……

 

  而另一个方法,则是在ExecutorDelivery中,我们在networkDispatcher中也可以找到它的踪迹:

                mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
            } catch (VolleyError volleyError) {
                volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
                parseAndDeliverNetworkError(request, volleyError);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                VolleyLog.e(e, "Unhandled exception %s", e.toString());
                VolleyError volleyError = new VolleyError(e);
                volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
                mDelivery.postError(request, volleyError);
            }

 

  mDelivery的类型就是ExecutorDelivery。ExecutorDelivery类我们还没有读过,这个放在后面。下面我们来看看deliverResponse和parseNetworkResponse的实现。

  

    @Override
    protected void deliverResponse(String response) {
        mListener.onResponse(response);
    }

    @Override
    protected Response<String> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
        String parsed;
        try {
            parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            parsed = new String(response.data);
        }
        return Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
    }

 

  deliverResponse不用多说,parseNetworkResponse中,直接用byte[]类型的response中的data,生成字符串。而字符串的编码方式,则需要从请求的响应中进行解析。

  我们来看一看解析的方法:

    public static String parseCharset(Map<String, String> headers, String defaultCharset) {
        String contentType = headers.get(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE);
        if (contentType != null) {
            String[] params = contentType.split(";");
            for (int i = 1; i < params.length; i++) {
                String[] pair = params[i].trim().split("=");
                if (pair.length == 2) {
                    if (pair[0].equals("charset")) {
                        return pair[1];
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return defaultCharset;
    }

 

  在headers的Content-Type字段中,我们可以读出很多信息,它们以分号彼此区分。我们找到其中关于charset的设置,将其返回。

  最后我们来看一看Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));

  

/**
     * Extracts a {@link Cache.Entry} from a {@link NetworkResponse}.
     *
     * @param response The network response to parse headers from
     * @return a cache entry for the given response, or null if the response is not cacheable.
     */
    public static Cache.Entry parseCacheHeaders(NetworkResponse response) {
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();

        Map<String, String> headers = response.headers;

        long serverDate = 0;
        long lastModified = 0;
        long serverExpires = 0;
        long softExpire = 0;
        long finalExpire = 0;
        long maxAge = 0;
        long staleWhileRevalidate = 0;
        boolean hasCacheControl = false;
        boolean mustRevalidate = false;

        String serverEtag = null;
        String headerValue;

        headerValue = headers.get("Date");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            serverDate = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
        }

        headerValue = headers.get("Cache-Control");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            hasCacheControl = true;
            String[] tokens = headerValue.split(",");
            for (int i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
                String token = tokens[i].trim();
                if (token.equals("no-cache") || token.equals("no-store")) {
                    return null;
                } else if (token.startsWith("max-age=")) {
                    try {
                        maxAge = Long.parseLong(token.substring(8));
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }
                } else if (token.startsWith("stale-while-revalidate=")) {
                    try {
                        staleWhileRevalidate = Long.parseLong(token.substring(23));
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }
                } else if (token.equals("must-revalidate") || token.equals("proxy-revalidate")) {
                    mustRevalidate = true;
                }
            }
        }

        headerValue = headers.get("Expires");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            serverExpires = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
        }

        headerValue = headers.get("Last-Modified");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            lastModified = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
        }

        serverEtag = headers.get("ETag");

        // Cache-Control takes precedence over an Expires header, even if both exist and Expires
        // is more restrictive.
        if (hasCacheControl) {
            softExpire = now + maxAge * 1000;
            finalExpire = mustRevalidate
                    ? softExpire
                    : softExpire + staleWhileRevalidate * 1000;
        } else if (serverDate > 0 && serverExpires >= serverDate) {
            // Default semantic for Expire header in HTTP specification is softExpire.
            softExpire = now + (serverExpires - serverDate);
            finalExpire = softExpire;
        }

        Cache.Entry entry = new Cache.Entry();
        entry.data = response.data;
        entry.etag = serverEtag;
        entry.softTtl = softExpire;
        entry.ttl = finalExpire;
        entry.serverDate = serverDate;
        entry.lastModified = lastModified;
        entry.responseHeaders = headers;

        return entry;
    }

    /**
     * Parse date in RFC1123 format, and return its value as epoch
     */
    public static long parseDateAsEpoch(String dateStr) {
        try {
            // Parse date in RFC1123 format if this header contains one
            return DateUtils.parseDate(dateStr).getTime();
        } catch (DateParseException e) {
            // Date in invalid format, fallback to 0
            return 0;
        }
    }

  这一段是解析http的Response中的缓存机制。

  我们从Response中取出了以下一些属性:Cache-Control;Expires;Last-Modified;Etag

  Cache-Control——缓存控制:    

no-cache  指示请求或响应消息不能缓存(HTTP/1.0用Pragma的no-cache替换)
根据什么能被缓存
no-store  用于防止重要的信息被无意的发布。在请求消息中发送将使得请求和响应消息都不使用缓存。
根据缓存超时
max-age  指示客户机可以接收生存期不大于指定时间(以秒为单位)的响应。
min-fresh  指示客户机可以接收响应时间小于当前时间加上指定时间的响应。
max-stale  指示客户机可以接收超出超时期间的响应消息。如果指定max-stale消息的值,那么客户机可以
接收超出超时期指定值之内的响应消息。

 

  Expires:

表示存在时间,允许客户端在这个时间之前不去检查(发请求),等同max-age的
效果。但是如果同时存在,则被Cache-Control的max-age覆盖。

  Last-Modified:服务器上文件的最后修改时间

  Etag:

Etag 主要为了解决 Last-Modified 无法解决的一些问题。

1、 一些文件也许会周期性的更改,但是他的内容并不改变(仅仅改变的修改时间),这个时候我们并不希望客户端认为这个文件被修改了,而重新GET;

2、某些文件修改非常频繁,比如在秒以下的时间内进行修改,(比方说1s内修改了N次),If-Modified-Since能检查到的粒度是s级的,这种修改无法判断(或者说UNIX记录MTIME只能精确到秒)

3、某些服务器不能精确的得到文件的最后修改时间;

为此,HTTP/1.1 引入了 Etag(Entity Tags).Etag仅仅是一个和文件相关的标记,可以是一个版本标记,比如说v1.0.0或者说"2e681a-6-5d044840"这么一串看起来很神秘的编码。但是HTTP/1.1标准并没有规定Etag的内容是什么或者说要怎么实现,唯一规定的是Etag需要放在""内。

 

  最后:

    /** Returns a successful response containing the parsed result. */
    public static <T> Response<T> success(T result, Cache.Entry cacheEntry) {
        return new Response<T>(result, cacheEntry);
    }

    private Response(T result, Cache.Entry cacheEntry) {
        this.result = result;
        this.cacheEntry = cacheEntry;
        this.error = null;
    }

 

 

 Done~~

posted on 2016-05-22 14:00  Fishbonell  阅读(483)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报