【测试】使用ab进行网站性能测试

1、官网

https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

 

2、命令帮助

C:\Users\Administrator>ab /?
Usage: ab [options] [http://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
    -n requests     Number of requests to perform
    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time
    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
                    This implies -n 50000
    -s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response
                    Default is 30 seconds
    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
    -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
    -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                    Default is 'text/plain'
    -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
    -w              Print out results in HTML tables
    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                    Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
    -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
    -V              Print version number and exit
    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
    -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
    -l              Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
    -m method       Method name
    -h              Display usage information (this message)

 

3、模拟用户并发

测试百度

C:\Users\Administrator>ab -n 200 -c 200 http://www.baidu.com/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1879490 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking www.baidu.com (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Finished 200 requests


Server Software:        BWS/1.1
Server Hostname:        www.baidu.com
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        358868 bytes

Concurrency Level:      200
Time taken for tests:   3.617 seconds
Complete requests:      200
Failed requests:        197
   (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 197, Exceptions: 0)
Total transferred:      72293063 bytes
HTML transferred:       72058482 bytes
Requests per second:    55.29 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       3617.316 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       18.087 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          19516.87 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        7   14   3.1     13      23
Processing:   136 1710 777.1   1729    3364
Waiting:       14 1374 794.0   1427    2708
Total:        149 1724 776.9   1739    3378

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%   1739
  66%   2185
  75%   2413
  80%   2518
  90%   2726
  95%   2970
  98%   3081
  99%   3147
 100%   3378 (longest request)

参数解释

Server Software  表示被测试的Web服务器软件名称。

Server Hostname  表示请求的URL主机名。

Server Port      表示被测试的Web服务器软件的监听端口。

Document Path    表示请求的URL中的根绝对路径，通过该文件的后缀名，我们一般可以了解该请求的类型。

Document Length    表示HTTP响应数据的正文长度。

Concurrency Level    表示并发用户数，这是我们设置的参数之一。

Time taken for tests    表示所有这些请求被处理完成所花费的总时间。

Complete requests    表示总请求数量，这是我们设置的参数之一。

Failed requests    表示失败的请求数量，这里的失败是指请求在连接服务器、发送数据等环节发生异常，以及无响应后超时的情况。如果接收到的HTTP响应数据的头信息中含有2XX以外的状态码，则会在测试结果中显示另一个名为“Non-2xx responses”的统计项，用于统计这部分请求数，这些请求并不算在失败的请求中。

Total transferred    表示所有请求的响应数据长度总和，包括每个HTTP响应数据的头信息和正文数据的长度。注意这里不包括HTTP请求数据的长度，仅仅为web服务器流向用户PC的应用层数据总长度。

HTML transferred    表示所有请求的响应数据中正文数据的总和，也就是减去了Total transferred中HTTP响应数据中的头信息的长度。

Requests per second    吞吐率，计算公式：Complete requests/Time taken for tests

Time per request    用户平均请求等待时间，计算公式：Time token for tests/（Complete requests/Concurrency Level）。

Time per requet(across all concurrent request)    服务器平均请求等待时间，计算公式：Time taken for tests/Complete requests，正好是吞吐率的倒数。也可以这么统计：Time per request/Concurrency Level。

Transfer rate    表示这些请求在单位时间内从服务器获取的数据长度，计算公式：Total trnasferred/ Time taken for tests，这个统计很好的说明服务器的处理能力达到极限时，其出口宽带的需求量。

Percentage of requests served within a certain time（ms）  这部分数据用于描述每个请求处理时间的分布情况，比如以上测试，80%的请求处理时间都不超过6ms，这个处理时间是指前面的Time per request，即对于单个用户而言，平均每个请求的处理时间。

 

 

参考链接：

https://www.codeleading.com/article/53913767156/
https://www.likecs.com/show-688104.html

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/498978963