【linux】linux中ln -s 命令用法

1. 命令帮助

-> % ln --help
Usage: ln [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME   (1st form)
  or:  ln [OPTION]... TARGET                  (2nd form)
  or:  ln [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY     (3rd form)
  or:  ln [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET...  (4th form)
In the 1st form, create a link to TARGET with the name LINK_NAME.
In the 2nd form, create a link to TARGET in the current directory.
In the 3rd and 4th forms, create links to each TARGET in DIRECTORY.
Create hard links by default, symbolic links with --symbolic.
By default, each destination (name of new link) should not already exist.
When creating hard links, each TARGET must exist.  Symbolic links
can hold arbitrary text; if later resolved, a relative link is
interpreted in relation to its parent directory.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
      --backup[=CONTROL]      make a backup of each existing destination file
  -b                          like --backup but does not accept an argument
  -d, -F, --directory         allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
                                directories (note: will probably fail due to
                                system restrictions, even for the superuser)
  -f, --force                 remove existing destination files
  -i, --interactive           prompt whether to remove destinations
  -L, --logical               dereference TARGETs that are symbolic links
  -n, --no-dereference        treat LINK_NAME as a normal file if
                                it is a symbolic link to a directory
  -P, --physical              make hard links directly to symbolic links
  -r, --relative              create symbolic links relative to link location
  -s, --symbolic              make symbolic links instead of hard links
  -S, --suffix=SUFFIX         override the usual backup suffix
  -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY  specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
                                the links
  -T, --no-target-directory   treat LINK_NAME as a normal file always
  -v, --verbose               print name of each linked file
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable.  Here are the values:

  none, off       never make backups (even if --backup is given)
  numbered, t     make numbered backups
  existing, nil   numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
  simple, never   always make simple backups

Using -s ignores -L and -P.  Otherwise, the last option specified controls
behavior when a TARGET is a symbolic link, defaulting to -P.

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ln>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ln invocation'

2. 说明

ln命令是linux系统中一个非常重要命令，英文全称是“link”，即链接的意思，它的功能是为某一个文件在另外一个位置建立一个同步的链接。 一种是hard link，又称为硬链接；另一种是symbolic link，又称为符号链接。

通俗一点理解，可以把硬链接当成源文件的副本，他和源文件一样的大小，但是事实上却不占任何空间。符号链接可以理解为类似windows一样的快捷方式。

符号链接 ：

• 1. 符号链接以路径的形式存在，类似于Windows操作系统中的快捷方式。
• 2. 符号链接可以跨文件系统 ，硬链接不可以。
• 3. 符号链接可以对一个不存在的文件名进行链接，硬链接不可以。
• 4. 符号链接可以对目录进行链接，硬链接不可以。

硬链接：

• 1.硬链接以文件副本的形式存在，但不占用实际空间。
• 2. 硬链接不允许给目录创建硬链接。
• 3.硬链接只有在同一个文件系统中才能创建。

语法格式： ln [参数] [源文件或目录] [目标文件或目录]

 

3. 常用参数

-b	为每个已存在的目标文件创建备份文件
-d	此选项允许“root”用户建立目录的硬链接
-f	强制创建链接，即使目标文件已经存在
-n	把指向目录的符号链接视为一个普通文件
-i	交互模式，若目标文件已经存在，则提示用户确认进行覆盖
-s	对源文件建立符号链接，而非硬链接
-v	详细信息模式，输出指令的详细执行过程

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. 示例

硬链接创建（文件）

ln /root/dir/file.txt ./file_1

软连接创建（目录）

ln -s /var/data/log ./data/log

 

参考链接：

https://linux265.com/course/linux-command-ln.html