介绍React.memo, useMemo 和 useCallback

什么是 React.memo ?

React.memo 和 React.PureComponent 类似, React.PureComponent 在类组件中使用,而React.memo 在函数组件中使用

看下面两个例子,有两个计数器组件,两个计数器的数据都来源于父组件,第一个计数器通过点击按钮数字会不断累加而发生改变,第二个计数器没有按钮控制数字改变。

const App = () => {
    const [count1, setCount1] = React.useState(0)
    const [count2, setCount2] = React.useState(0)

    const increaseCounter1 = () => {
        setCount1(count1 => count1 + 1)
    }

    return (
        <>
            <button onClick={increaseCounter1}>Increase counter 1</button>
            <Counter value={count1}>Counter 1</Counter>
            <Counter value={count2}>Coutner 2</Counter>
        </>
    )
}

计数器组件

const Counter = ({value, children}) => {
    console.log('Render: ', children)

    return (
        <div>
            {children}: {value}
        </div>
    )
}

export default Counter

但是不管这个两个计算器的数据是否发生改变,Counter 组件都会输出 Render 来。现在我们尝试使用 React.memo 包裹这个组件。

const Counter = ({value, children}) => {
    console.log('Render: ', children)

    return (
        <div>
            {children}: {value}
        </div>
    )
}

export default React.memo(Counter)

React.memo 浅层对比 prop 和 state 的方式来实现了该函数。现在开始第二个计数器将不会重新渲染了,由于 prop 没有发生改变。

在 React 应用中,当某个组件的状态发生变化时,它会以该组件为根,重新渲染整个组件子树。

如要避免不必要的子组件的重渲染,你需要在所有可能的地方使用 PureComponent,或是手动实现 shouldComponentUpdate 方法。

useMemo and useCallback

useMemo 相当于Vue中computed里的计算属性,当某个依赖项改变时才重新计算值,这种优化有助于避免在每次渲染时都进行高开销的计算。

React.useMemo(() => {
  fooFunction()
}, [dependencies])
React.useCallback(() => {
  fooFunction()
}, [dependencies])

useCallback(fn, deps) 相当于 useMemo(() => fn, deps)。

useCallback 和 useMemo 参数相同,第一个参数是函数,第二个参数是依赖项的数组。主要区别是 React.useMemo 将调用 fn 函数并返回其结果,而 React.useCallback 将返回 fn 函数而不调用它。

看看下来例子

const App = () => {
    const fooFunction = () => {
        return 'Foo is just Food without D'
    }

    const useMemoResult = React.useMemo(fooFunction, [])
    const useCallbackResult = React.useCallback(fooFunction, [])

    console.log('useMemoResult: ', useMemoResult)
    console.log('useCallbackResult: ', useCallbackResult)

    return <p>Foo is just food without D</p>
}

最后得到的输出结果
在这里插入图片描述

const Me = ({girlFriendWords}) => {

    // Provided that girlFriendWords is a string

    const myReply = decideWhatToSay (girlFriendWords)

    return <p>{myReply}</p>
}

代码中计算 myReply 值,默认每次组件渲染的时候都会重新执行

const Me = ({girlFriendWords}) => {

    // Provided that girlFriendWords is a string

    const myReply = React.useMemo(() => decideWhatToSay (girlFriendWords), [girlFriendWords])

    return <p>{myReply}</p>
}

使用 React.useMemo 通过 [girlFriendWords] 作为依赖项,当依赖的值发生改变,函数才会重新执行 decideWhatToSay

useCallback

使用场景是:有一个父组件,其中包含子组件,子组件接收一个函数作为props;通常而言,如果父组件更新了,子组件也会执行更新;

import React, { useMemo, useCallback } from "react"
let Counter = ({ value, children, onClick }) => {
  console.log('Render: ', children)

  return (
    <div onClick={onClick}>
      {children}: {value}
    </div>
  )
}
Counter = React.memo(Counter)



const App = () => {
  const [count1, setCount1] = React.useState(0)
  const [count2, setCount2] = React.useState(0)

  const increaseCounter1 = () => {
    setCount1(count1 => count1 + 1)
  }
  const increaseCounter2 = () => {
    setCount2(count2 => count2 + 1)
  }

  return (
    <>
      <Counter value={count1} onClick={increaseCounter1}>Counter 1</Counter>
      <Counter value={count2} onClick={increaseCounter2}>Coutner 2</Counter>
    </>
  )
}

export default App

但是大多数场景下,更新是没有必要的,我们可以借助useCallback来返回函数,然后把这个函数作为props传递给子组件;这样,子组件就能避免不必要的更新。

import React, { useMemo, useCallback } from "react"
let Counter = ({ value, children, onClick }) => {
  console.log('Render: ', children)

  return (
    <div onClick={onClick}>
      {children}: {value}
    </div>
  )
}
Counter = React.memo(Counter)



const App = () => {
  const [count1, setCount1] = React.useState(0)
  const [count2, setCount2] = React.useState(0)

  const increaseCounter1 = useCallback(() => {
    setCount1(count1 => count1 + 1)
  }, [])
  const increaseCounter2 = useCallback(() => {
    setCount2(count2 => count2 + 1)
  }, [])
  console.log(increaseCounter1)

  return (
    <>
      <Counter value={count1} onClick={increaseCounter1}>Counter 1</Counter>
      <Counter value={count2} onClick={increaseCounter2}>Coutner 2</Counter>
    </>
  )
}

export default App
posted @ 2020-03-20 22:03  剑仙6  阅读(1072)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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