MySQL学习笔记:数据库查询、过滤、更新、删除、别名、去重、拼接、补全操作(navicat界面)

# 查看当前所有的数据库
show databases;
# 打开数据库
use myemployees;
# 查看所有的表
show tables;
# 查看数据库结构
desc employees;
# 创建表
create table stu(
id int,
name varchar(20))
# 往表中插入数据
insert into stu (id,name) values(1,'huang');
insert into stu (id,name) values(2,'li');
# 查看表中所有数据
select * from stu;
# 过滤表中数据
select `name` from stu where id=2;
# 更新表中数据
update stu set `name`='wang' where id=1;
# 查看更新结果
select name from stu where id=1;
# 删除表中特定行
delete from stu where id=1;
# 查看删除结果
select id from stu; 
# 查看所在数据库
select database();
# 查看MySQL版本
select version();
# 进阶1:基础查询
/* 
语法:
select 查询列表(可以有多个表) from 表名
特点:
1、查询列表可以是字段、常量值、表达式、函数 
2、查询的结果是一个虚拟的表格
*/
# 打开数据库
use myemployees;
# 查询单个字段
select last_name from employees;
# 查询多个字段
select last_name,salary,email from employees;
# 查询所有字段
select * from employees;

# 查询常量值
select 100;
select 'john';
# 查询表达式
select 100*98;
# 查询函数
select version();

# 为字段起别名:语法: 
# 便于理解、区分重名
# 方式1:select A as B from tableselect last_name as 姓,first_name asfrom employees;
# 方式2:select A B from table;
select last_name 姓,first_name 名 from employees;

# 案例:查询salary, 别名为out put
select salary `out put` from employees;

 

# 8.去重,查询员工表中涉及到的部门编号
use myemployees;
select department_id from employees;
select distinct department_id from employees; # 相当于matlab unique()

# 9 +号作用,查询员工名和姓连接成一个字段,并显示为姓名,使用cancat函数
select concat(last_name,',',first_name) as 姓名 from employees;

# 测试
# 成功,别名和查询同时进行
select last_name,job_id,salary as sal from employees;
# 成功
select * from employees;
# 注意:两个字段之间如果不是, 而是空格 则表示起别名
select employee_id,last_name,salary*12 "annual salary" from employees;
select employee_id,last_name,salary*12 as "annual salary" from employees;
# 显示department的结构
desc departments;
# 显示表employees的全部job_id
select distinct job_id from employees;
# 显示表employees的全部列,列间用逗号隔开,列投显示成out_put
show tables from myemployees;
# 查看某个表的结构,如果要查看表的所有列,可以用desc得到表结构后,用concat连接
desc employees;
select concat(employee_id,',',first_name,',',last_name,',',email,',',phone_number,',',job_id,'...') as `output`
from employees;
# 如果拼接结果出现null, 原因是拼接的某一个字段为null
select concat(employee_id,',',first_name,',',last_name,',',email,',',phone_number,',',job_id,',',commission_pct) as `output`
from employees;
# 解决部分字段为null的字段拼接,用ifnull函数对数据进行补全
# 对比补全前后数据
select ifnull(commission_pct,0) as 奖金率,commission_pct from employees;
# ifnull()与concat()联合使用
select concat(employee_id,',',first_name,',',last_name,',',email,',',phone_number,',',job_id,',',ifnull(commission_pct,0)) as `output`
from employees;

 

参考资料:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12b411K7Zu?p=28&spm_id_from=pageDriver

posted @ 2021-05-15 16:17  Feynmania  阅读(928)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报