<win8>(二)实例讲解win8(XAML+C#)开发--------课程表:数据绑定
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首先,打开VS2012,然后新建一个工程,命名为TimeTable。
点击确定后,看到编译器如下地方:
现在空的工程也可以运行,选择Simulator就是模拟器运行,选择本地计算机就是直接在本机运行。现在就可以运行看看,就是黑屏。
在本机运行的话,如果想退出程序,可以把光标放到左上角,等待出现桌面缩略图就点击,这样就能退出了。
数据绑定
细想下这个工程,首先要做的是要把课程的数据显示出来,那么,就要用到数据绑定了。熟悉wp7和silverlight开发的朋友,接下来你就会发现,在win8(XAML+c#)开发当中,数据绑定是一样的。
首先,我们修改下我们的工程,新建一个命名为Resources.然后在 文件夹右键--添加--新建项,选取资源字典。命名为:MyDictionary.xaml。添加一行画刷来作为背景。并且修改代码如下:
<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:TimeTable.Resources"> <SolidColorBrush Color="#3E790A" x:Key="AppBackgroundColor"/> </ResourceDictionary>
现在打开App.xaml。添加对MyDicitonary.xaml的声明。修改如下:
<ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <!-- Styles that define common aspects of the platform look and feel Required by Visual Studio project and item templates --> <ResourceDictionary Source="Common/StandardStyles.xaml"/> <ResourceDictionary Source="Resources/MyDictionary.xaml"/> </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
现在修改MainPage.xaml的grid的背景。
<Grid Background="{StaticResource AppBackgroundColor}">
现在,就能看到背景色变为了深绿色。接下来就进行数据定义吧。我们的数据类都继承INotifyPropertyChanged接口,以便数据更新的时候能够自己通知控件更新。添加一个Data的文件夹。然后新建添加三个类,分别是ViewModel.cs,WeekdayItem.cs,ScheduleItem.cs .类图如下:
代码如下:
class ViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged { private ObservableCollection<WeekdayItem> weekdayList; public ObservableCollection<WeekdayItem> WeekdayList { get { return weekdayList; } } private int selectedItemIndex; public int SelectedItemIndex { get { return selectedItemIndex; } set { selectedItemIndex = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("SelectedItemIndex"); } } public ViewModel() { weekdayList = new ObservableCollection<WeekdayItem>(); selectedItemIndex = -1; } public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; private void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propName) { if (PropertyChanged != null) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propName)); } } }
class WeekdayItem : INotifyPropertyChanged { private ObservableCollection<ScheduleItem> scheduleList; private int scheduleSelected; public int ScheduleSelected { get { return scheduleSelected; } set { scheduleSelected = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("ScheduleSelected"); } } public ObservableCollection<ScheduleItem> ScheduleList { get { return scheduleList; } } public WeekdayItem() { scheduleList = new ObservableCollection<ScheduleItem>(); weekday = "Monday"; } private string weekday; public string Weekday { get { return weekday; } set { weekday = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("WeekDay"); } } public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; private void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propName) { if (PropertyChanged != null) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propName)); } } }
class ScheduleItem : INotifyPropertyChanged { private string lessonName; public string LessonName { get { return lessonName; } set { lessonName = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("LessonName"); } } private string startTime; public string StartTime { get { return startTime; } set { startTime = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("StartTme"); } } private string endTime; public string EndTime { get { return endTime; } set { endTime = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("EndTime"); } } private string classRoom; public string ClassRoom { get { return classRoom; } set { classRoom = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("ClassRoom"); } } public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; private void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propName) { if (PropertyChanged != null) { PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propName)); } } }
上面的代码已经很清楚了。就不多说了。
下面进行数据绑定。首先,在MyDictionary.xaml的SolidColorBrush的下面添加下面一段代码:
<Style x:Key="WeekdayListStyle" TargetType="TextBlock" BasedOn="{Binding BasicTextStyle}" > <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="45"/> <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Light"/> <Setter Property="Margin" Value="10,0"/> <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/> </Style> <DataTemplate x:Key="WeekdayListItemTemplate"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Weekday}" Style="{StaticResource WeekdayListStyle}"/> </DataTemplate>
上面定义了一个数据模板,BasicTextStyle定义在Common/StandardStyles.xaml里面,这个文件里面定义了很多style。
下面修改MainPage的Grid。
<Grid Background="{StaticResource AppBackgroundColor}"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition /> <ColumnDefinition/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition/> <RowDefinition/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <StackPanel Grid.RowSpan="2"> <TextBlock x:Name="WeekdayListTitle" Style="{StaticResource HeaderTextStyle}" Margin="10" Text="Weekday List"/> <ListView x:Name="weekdayList" Grid.RowSpan="2" ItemsSource="{Binding WeekdayList}" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource WeekdayListItemTemplate}" > </ListView> </StackPanel> <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical" Grid.Column="1" Grid.RowSpan="2"> <TextBlock Style="{StaticResource HeaderTextStyle}" Margin="10" x:Name="ItemDetailTitle" Text="Schedule Detail"/> <Frame x:Name="ItemDetailFrame"/> </StackPanel> </Grid>
上面定义的style除了自己定义的,基本都是在Common/StandardStyles.xaml里面。熟悉数据绑定的能在上面的代码看到熟悉的代码影吧。绑定了ListView的ItemsSource和ItemTemplate。下面的Frame标签以后再讲。
然后修改后台的构造函数和添加一个函数来往viewModel添加数据。
ViewModel viewModel; public MainPage() { viewModel = new ViewModel(); addData(); this.DataContext = viewModel; this.InitializeComponent(); } /// <summary> /// 往viewModel添加数据 /// </summary> private void addData() { WeekdayItem monday = new WeekdayItem(); monday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-215", StartTime = "8:30", EndTime = "10:00", LessonName = "Math" }); monday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-216", StartTime = "10:30", EndTime = "12:00", LessonName = "Physic" }); monday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "E-303", StartTime = "14:30", EndTime = "16:00", LessonName = "Computer" }); monday.Weekday = "星期一"; viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(monday); WeekdayItem tuesday = new WeekdayItem(); tuesday.Weekday = "星期二"; tuesday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-215", StartTime = "8:30", EndTime = "10:00", LessonName = "Math" }); tuesday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-216", StartTime = "10:30", EndTime = "12:00", LessonName = "Physic" }); tuesday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "E-303", StartTime = "14:30", EndTime = "16:00", LessonName = "English" }); viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(tuesday); WeekdayItem wednesday = new WeekdayItem(); wednesday.Weekday = "星期三"; wednesday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-215", StartTime = "8:30", EndTime = "10:00", LessonName = "数学" }); wednesday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-216", StartTime = "10:30", EndTime = "12:00", LessonName = "Physic" }); wednesday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "E-303", StartTime = "14:30", EndTime = "16:00", LessonName = "English" }); viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(wednesday); WeekdayItem thursday = new WeekdayItem(); thursday.Weekday = "星期四"; thursday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-215", StartTime = "8:30", EndTime = "10:00", LessonName = "数学" }); thursday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-216", StartTime = "10:30", EndTime = "12:00", LessonName = "Physic" }); thursday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "E-303", StartTime = "14:30", EndTime = "16:00", LessonName = "English" }); viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(thursday); WeekdayItem friday = new WeekdayItem(); friday.Weekday = "星期五"; friday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-215", StartTime = "8:30", EndTime = "10:00", LessonName = "数学" }); friday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "B-216", StartTime = "10:30", EndTime = "12:00", LessonName = "Physic" }); friday.ScheduleList.Add(new ScheduleItem { ClassRoom = "E-303", StartTime = "14:30", EndTime = "16:00", LessonName = "English" }); viewModel.WeekdayList.Add(friday); }
在构造函数,我们指定了当前页面的信息源DataContext为当前声明的viewModel。现在编译运行,就能看到运行结果如下:
下面我们要使用frame这个标签了。其实,每个页面都有这个Frame这个属性,这个Frame直接控制了导航,导航在Wp7里是用navigationService来完成的。不过可能是由于平板的屏幕大,所以用这个Frame标签就可以做到局部导航。使之可以所有操作都在一个页面完成。不过,如果开发者不实现导航返回按钮,win8平板就中间一个window键。如果能够返回上一层页面?至少我还没发现什么操作可以实现。
下面先给ListView添加一个SelectionChanged事件。当选项改变时触发。
private void weekdayList_SelectionChanged_1(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e) { viewModel.SelectedItemIndex = weekdayList.SelectedIndex; }
只做了一件事,就是修改了viewModel的SelectedItemIndex的值。那么我们要注册一个PropertyChanged事件,监听当这个SelectedItemIndex改变的时候做相应的工作。
在Mainpage的构造函数最后添加:
viewModel.PropertyChanged += (sender, args) => { if (args.PropertyName == "SelectedItemIndex") { if (viewModel.SelectedItemIndex == -1) { ItemDetailFrame.Navigate(typeof(NoItemSelected)); } else { ItemDetailFrame.Navigate(typeof(ItemDetail), viewModel); } } };
上面我们监听了SelectedItemIndex。当改变的时候使ItemDetailFrame这个Frame导航到不同的页面。这个navigate方法,由VS2012的智能提示就知道,可以带参数,也可以不带参数。
下面我们新建一个文件夹Pages。然后添加一个空页面NoItemSelected.xaml。修改代码如下:
<Grid Background="{StaticResource AppBackgroundColor}"> <TextBlock Style="{StaticResource HeaderTextStyle}" FontSize="30" Text="No Item Selected"/> </Grid>
然后再添加一个空白页ItemDetail.xaml到Pages文件夹。修改代码如下:
<Grid Background="{StaticResource AppBackgroundColor}"> <ListView x:Name="ScheduleList" ItemsSource="{Binding ScheduleList}" IsHoldingEnabled="True" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource ScheduleListItemTemplate}"/> </Grid>
然后修改ItemDetail页面的OnNavigateTo方法并添加一个变量。
ViewModel viewModel;
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
viewModel = e.Parameter as ViewModel;
this.DataContext = viewModel.WeekdayList[viewModel.SelectedItemIndex];
viewModel.PropertyChanged += (sender, args) =>
{
if (viewModel.SelectedItemIndex == -1)
{
this.DataContext = null;
}
else
this.DataContext = viewModel.WeekdayList[viewModel.SelectedItemIndex];
};
}
上面OnNavigateTo方法,在页面进入的时候,就获取页面传递过来的ViewModel这个数据。然后指定当前选择的Weekday为数据源。
上面我们还没定义ItemDetail页面ListView的数据模版。在MyDictionary.xaml添加如下模版:
<DataTemplate x:Key="ScheduleListItemTemplate"> <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding LessonName}" FontSize="30"/> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding StartTime}" FontSize="18"/> <TextBlock Text="-" FontSize="18"/> <TextBlock Text="{Binding EndTime}" FontSize="18"/> </StackPanel> <TextBlock Text="{Binding ClassRoom}" FontSize="30"/> </StackPanel> </DataTemplate>
这样,编译运行,就能看到选择左边的WeekdayList就能改变右边的ItemDetail部分了。到此,数据绑定部分基本就这样吧。还有部分弹出窗口的数据绑定到后面再说。
继续学习:<win8>(三)实例讲解win8(XAML+C#)开发--------课程表:弹出菜单ContextMenu和弹窗Flyout
本次工程下载:http://dl.dbank.com/c0eh4b1z85
posted on 2012-07-25 23:16 fengyun1989 阅读(3758) 评论(8) 编辑 收藏 举报