SpringBoot中 使用@Autowired 将bean注入到List或Map等集合中

举例说明如下:

步骤1:定义一个接口

public interface IPerson {
    void doWork();
}

步骤2:对该接口做第一个实现类

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component("student")
public class StudentImpl implements IPerson {
 
    @Override
    public void doWork() {
        System.out.println("I am studying");
    }
 
}

步骤3:对该接口做第二个实现类

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component("teacher")
public class TeacherImpl implements IPerson {
 
    @Override
    public void doWork() {
        System.out.println("I am teaching");
    }
 
}

步骤4:使用@Autowired对List和Map进行注入使用

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
@Service
public class PersonService {
 
    @Autowired
    List<IPerson> persons;
 
    @Autowired
    Map<String, IPerson> personMaps;
 
    public void echo() {
        System.out.println("print list:");
        for (IPerson p : persons) {
            p.doWork();
        }
 
        System.out.println("\nprint map:");
        for (Map.Entry<String, IPerson> entry : personMaps.entrySet()) {
            System.out.println("Person:" + entry.getKey() + ", " + entry.getValue());
        }
    }
}

步骤5:编写启动类调用PersonService的echo()函数进行测试

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication springApplication = new SpringApplication(Application.class);
        ApplicationContext context=springApplication.run(args);
        PersonService service=context.getBean(PersonService.class);
        service.echo();
    }
 
}

程序运行结果为:

print list:
I am studying
I am teaching
 
print map:
Person:student, com.tang.aaa.StudentImpl@723e88f9
Person:teacher, com.tang.aaa.TeacherImpl@5f0fd5a0

二、策略模式:根据配置使用对应的实现类
对应Map的注入,key必须为String类型,即bean的名称,而value为IPerson类型的对象实例。

通过对上述Map类型的注入,可以改写为根据bean名称,来获取并使用对应的实现类。

举例如下:

步骤1:修改上述步骤4中的PersonService类如下:

import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
@Service
public class PersonService {
 
    @Autowired
    Map<String, IPerson> personMaps;
 
    public void work(String name) {
        IPerson person=personMaps.get(name);
        if(null!=person) {
            person.doWork();
        }
    }
}

步骤2:通过对PersonServer的work()传递不同的参数,实现对不同实现类的调用

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication springApplication = new SpringApplication(Application.class);
        ApplicationContext context=springApplication.run(args);
        PersonService service=context.getBean(PersonService.class);
        service.work("teacher");
    }
 
}

我们可以使用service.work("teacher")或者service.work("student")来调用不同的实现类,即达到设计模式中策略模式的类似效果。

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/inrgihc/article/details/104742206

 

补充:若使用构造方法注入,则不需要加@Autowired注解,并允许定义为final:

private final Map<String, IPerson> personMaps;

public PersonService(Map<String,IPerson> personMaps){
  this.personMaps = personMaps;
}

 

posted @ 2021-07-07 08:57  陈扬天  阅读(4098)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报