SpringBoot中 使用@Autowired 将bean注入到List或Map等集合中
举例说明如下:
步骤1:定义一个接口
public interface IPerson { void doWork(); }
步骤2:对该接口做第一个实现类
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component("student") public class StudentImpl implements IPerson { @Override public void doWork() { System.out.println("I am studying"); } }
步骤3:对该接口做第二个实现类
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component("teacher") public class TeacherImpl implements IPerson { @Override public void doWork() { System.out.println("I am teaching"); } }
步骤4:使用@Autowired对List和Map进行注入使用
import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class PersonService { @Autowired List<IPerson> persons; @Autowired Map<String, IPerson> personMaps; public void echo() { System.out.println("print list:"); for (IPerson p : persons) { p.doWork(); } System.out.println("\nprint map:"); for (Map.Entry<String, IPerson> entry : personMaps.entrySet()) { System.out.println("Person:" + entry.getKey() + ", " + entry.getValue()); } } }
步骤5:编写启动类调用PersonService的echo()函数进行测试
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; @SpringBootApplication public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication springApplication = new SpringApplication(Application.class); ApplicationContext context=springApplication.run(args); PersonService service=context.getBean(PersonService.class); service.echo(); } }
程序运行结果为:
print list:
I am studying
I am teaching
print map:
Person:student, com.tang.aaa.StudentImpl@723e88f9
Person:teacher, com.tang.aaa.TeacherImpl@5f0fd5a0
二、策略模式:根据配置使用对应的实现类
对应Map的注入,key必须为String类型,即bean的名称,而value为IPerson类型的对象实例。
通过对上述Map类型的注入,可以改写为根据bean名称,来获取并使用对应的实现类。
举例如下:
步骤1:修改上述步骤4中的PersonService类如下:
import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class PersonService { @Autowired Map<String, IPerson> personMaps; public void work(String name) { IPerson person=personMaps.get(name); if(null!=person) { person.doWork(); } } }
步骤2:通过对PersonServer的work()传递不同的参数,实现对不同实现类的调用
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; @SpringBootApplication public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication springApplication = new SpringApplication(Application.class); ApplicationContext context=springApplication.run(args); PersonService service=context.getBean(PersonService.class); service.work("teacher"); } }
我们可以使用service.work("teacher")或者service.work("student")来调用不同的实现类,即达到设计模式中策略模式的类似效果。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/inrgihc/article/details/104742206
补充:若使用构造方法注入,则不需要加@Autowired注解,并允许定义为final:
private final Map<String, IPerson> personMaps;
public PersonService(Map<String,IPerson> personMaps){
this.personMaps = personMaps;
}